RESUMO
A rapid and reliable method for the identification of five clinically relevant G genotypes (G1 to G4 and G9) of human rotaviruses based on oligonucleotide microarray hybridization has been developed. The genotype-specific oligonucleotides immobilized on the surface of glass slides were selected to bind to the multiple target regions within the VP7 gene that are highly conserved among individual rotavirus genotypes. Rotavirus cDNA was amplified in a PCR with primers common to all group A rotaviruses. A second round of nested PCR amplification was performed in the presence of indodicarbocyanine-dCTP and another pair of degenerate primers also broadly specific for all genotypes. The use of one primer containing 5'-biotin allowed us to prepare fluorescently labeled single-stranded hybridization probe by binding of another strand to magnetic beads. The identification of rotavirus genotype was based on hybridization with several individual genotype-specific oligonucleotides. This approach combines the high sensitivity of PCR with the selectivity of DNA-DNA hybridization. The specificity of oligonucleotide microchip hybridization was evaluated by testing 20 coded rotavirus isolates from different geographic areas for which genotypes were previously determined by conventional methods. Analysis of the coded specimens showed that this microarray-based method is capable of unambiguous identification of all rotavirus strains. Because of the presence of random mutations, each individual virus isolate produced a unique hybridization pattern capable of distinguishing different isolates of the same genotype and, therefore, subgenotype differentiation. This strain information indicates one of several advantages that microarray technology has over conventional PCR techniques.
Assuntos
Antígenos Virais , Proteínas do Capsídeo , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos/métodos , Rotavirus/genética , Rotavirus/isolamento & purificação , Sequência de Bases , Capsídeo/genética , Primers do DNA/genética , DNA Viral/genética , DNA Viral/isolamento & purificação , Desenho de Fármacos , Genes Virais , Genótipo , Humanos , Técnicas de Sonda Molecular , Mutação , Sondas de Oligonucleotídeos/genética , Rotavirus/classificação , Especificidade da Espécie , Virologia/métodosRESUMO
RNA viruses exist as quasispecies, heterogeneous and dynamic mixtures of mutants having one or more consensus sequences. An adequate description of the genomic structure of such viral populations must include the consensus sequence(s) plus a quantitative assessment of sequence heterogeneities. For example, in quality control of live attenuated viral vaccines, the presence of even small quantities of mutants or revertants may indicate incomplete or unstable attenuation that may influence vaccine safety. Previously, we demonstrated the monitoring of oral poliovirus vaccine with the use of mutant analysis by PCR and restriction enzyme cleavage (MAPREC). In this report, we investigate genetic variation in live attenuated mumps virus vaccine by using both MAPREC and a platform (DNA MassArray) based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Mumps vaccines prepared from the Jeryl Lynn strain typically contain at least two distinct viral substrains, JL1 and JL2, which have been characterized by full length sequencing. We report the development of assays for characterizing sequence variants in these substrains and demonstrate their use in quantitative analysis of substrains and sequence variations in mixed virus cultures and mumps vaccines. The results obtained from both the MAPREC and MALDI-TOF methods showed excellent correlation. This suggests the potential utility of MALDI-TOF for routine quality control of live viral vaccines and for assessment of genetic stability and quantitative monitoring of genetic changes in other RNA viruses of clinical interest.
Assuntos
Vacina contra Caxumba/genética , Vírus da Caxumba/genética , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Chlorocebus aethiops , Análise Mutacional de DNA/métodos , DNA Complementar , Genoma Viral , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos/métodos , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz/métodos , Células VeroAssuntos
Poliomielite/prevenção & controle , Vacina Antipólio de Vírus Inativado/imunologia , Poliovirus , Animais , Haplorrinos , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Transgênicos , Poliomielite/imunologia , Poliovirus/genética , Poliovirus/imunologia , Poliovirus/patogenicidade , Vacina Antipólio Oral/imunologia , Rhinovirus/genética , Rhinovirus/imunologia , Vacinas Sintéticas/imunologia , VirulênciaRESUMO
PURPOSE: The goal of this research was to discover new biological indicators in urine which could be used for short-term prognosis of local Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy outcome in patients with superficial bladder cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We measured and statistically evaluated soluble immunological molecules in urine from bladder cancer patients (n = 34) receiving BCG intravesically. Urine was collected following each of 6 weekly treatments, processed and assayed. The data base included measurements of interleukin-1 (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha), soluble CD14 (sCD14), interferon-gamma (IFN gamma), GM-CSF, volume of urine and its pH. The clinical response was evaluated by urine histology and random quadrant biopsy 3 months after the start of therapy. Patients were divided into 2 groups, with good and poor therapeutic effect. The initial complete response rate was 62% (21/34). The data base was analyzed using traditional multivariate statistical methods and a pattern recognition method which deals with combinatorial-statistical analysis (statistically weighted syndromes (SWS) method) of the gradated features. The SWS method is capable of identifying robust patterns in small "fuzzy" sets with high dimensional objects and some missing values. RESULTS: Only one parameter gave significant differences at p < 0.05, GM-CSF at instillation 6. Repeated measurement analysis of variance, backward stepwise multiple logistic regression and linear discriminant analysis failed to show any significance. However, significant differences in the structure of correlation between features in the groups with and without therapeutic effect were observed and four highly informative variables (the masses of sICAM-1, TNF alpha, sCD14 and pH) relating to 5th-6th installations were selected by SWS. These features provided accurate individual prediction of therapeutic outcome for all our patients. Cross-validation analysis and computer simulation showed the statistically significant stability of the prediction. CONCLUSION: We have selected a set of urinary variables that could be considered as a perspective combination of indicators (syndromes) of outcome of pre-operation BCG therapy of patients with superficial bladder cancer. A larger patient database will provide testing and evaluation of the biological and clinical significance of selected features. The computational syndrome-disease approach should be applicable for the solution of decision-making problems for management of cancer.
Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Vacina BCG/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma in Situ/terapia , Citocinas/urina , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/terapia , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Administração Intravesical , Algoritmos , Vacina BCG/administração & dosagem , Carcinoma in Situ/urina , Lógica Fuzzy , Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Granulócitos e Macrófagos/urina , Humanos , Molécula 1 de Adesão Intercelular/urina , Interferon gama/urina , Interleucinas/urina , Receptores de Lipopolissacarídeos/urina , Análise Multivariada , Reconhecimento Automatizado de Padrão , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/urina , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/urinaAssuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/terapia , Imunoterapia Adotiva , Neoplasias Pulmonares/terapia , Adulto , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Ciclofosfamida/uso terapêutico , Dactinomicina/uso terapêutico , Doxorrubicina/uso terapêutico , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Fluoruracila/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Metotrexato/uso terapêutico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mitomicina/uso terapêutico , Radiografia Torácica , Vincristina/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
A wide panel of monoclonal antibodies to differentiation antigens has been originally used to determine phenotype of peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with prostatic cancer (PC). Patients with local PC exhibited marked lymphocytopenia existent in vertually all populations and subpopulations. In generalized PC the above changes are more pronounced. Treatment of PC adds to immunodepression observed in this disease. Thus, immunotherapy as an adjuvant modality of PC treatment is quite appropriate.
Assuntos
Imunofenotipagem , Linfócitos/imunologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/imunologia , Terapia Combinada , Humanos , Imunofenotipagem/métodos , Contagem de Linfócitos , Linfócitos/classificação , Masculino , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/terapiaRESUMO
Clinical and immunological studies were carried out in 60 patients with tubal pyoinflammatory diseases and in 20 healthy controls of a reproductive age. The immunity status was studied using IKO monoclonal antibodies to differentiation antigens of peripheral blood mononuclears. An acute purulent process was found to be characterized by an adaptive increase in the count of mononuclears carrying the markers of B lymphocytes (CD22, IgM mu-chain), of activated cells (CD38, HLA-D(r)), and of the total number of positive correlations between immunocompetent cells. A persistent course of tubal inflammation is connected with hyperproduction of antibodies and immune complexes, increased expression of HLA-Dr antigens in combination with congenital or acquired insufficiency of T-helper/inductors and suppressors/cytotoxic T-cells. An important factor in the development of a chronic suppurative process is triggering of immunocomplex mechanisms associated with fixation of IgG, IgM, and the complement in the walls of small vessels in the uterine tubes, with a high level of circulating immune complexes, and appearance of plasma cells containing IgG and IgM in the tissues of uterine tubes.
Assuntos
Doenças das Tubas Uterinas/etiologia , Doenças do Sistema Imunitário/complicações , Adolescente , Adulto , Anticorpos Monoclonais , Complexo Antígeno-Anticorpo/análise , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Proteínas do Sistema Complemento/análise , Doenças das Tubas Uterinas/imunologia , Feminino , Antígenos HLA-DR/análise , Humanos , Doenças do Sistema Imunitário/diagnóstico , Doenças do Sistema Imunitário/imunologia , Imunoglobulina G/análise , Imunoglobulina M/análise , Imuno-Histoquímica , Inflamação , Supuração , Linfócitos T/imunologiaRESUMO
The perioperative influence of leukinferon, indomethacin and their combination on the blood plasma level of thromboxane B2 (TxB2), platelet aggregation ability and humoral and cellular immunity has been assessed in 40 endometrial cancer patients. It has been found that the perioperative use of indomethacin diminishes the blood plasma level of TxB2 and platelet aggregation ability. Leukinferon did not affect substantially the parameters. However, the combination of leukinferon with indomethacin causes a more stable reduction in platelet aggregation and TxB2 level than the use of indomethacin alone. The use of these drugs and their combination prevented postoperative immune suppression in the endometrial cancer patients. However, leukinferon alone or its combination with indomethacin were more effective than the use of indomethacin alone. Possible mechanisms of indomethacin and leukinferon effect on tumor cell metabolism of arachidonic acid and possible role of eicosanoids in the pathogenetic mechanisms of tumor growth and metastasis dissemination are discussed.
Assuntos
Citocinas/farmacologia , Neoplasias do Endométrio/cirurgia , Sistema Imunitário/efeitos dos fármacos , Indometacina/farmacologia , Interferon Tipo I/farmacologia , Agregação Plaquetária/efeitos dos fármacos , Tromboxano B2/sangue , Combinação de Medicamentos , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/farmacologiaRESUMO
Manifest disorders of cellular and humoral immunity are detectable with the use of immunologic tests in patients with mycosis fungoides, skin reticulosis, and Kaposi's sarcoma. The pattern of changes in Kaposi's sarcoma differs from that in malignant lymphomas of the skin. The detected immune status disorders necessitate the use of immunomodulators in combined therapy of such patients.
Assuntos
Transtornos Linfoproliferativos/imunologia , Sarcoma de Kaposi/imunologia , Dermatopatias/imunologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Formação de Anticorpos/imunologia , Doença Crônica , Feminino , Humanos , Imunidade Celular/imunologia , Doenças Linfáticas/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Micose Fungoide/imunologiaRESUMO
Manifest changes in the immunity status are detected in lymphoproliferative diseases of the skin and in Kaposi's sarcoma. Therapy results in elevation of the initially lowered levels of T mu- and T gamma-cells, this being a favorable result. Scintillation of T mu- and T gamma-cells may be used to monitor the efficacy of therapy in such patients.
Assuntos
Linfoma/imunologia , Sarcoma de Kaposi/imunologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Doença Crônica , Humanos , Indometacina/administração & dosagem , Interferon Tipo I/administração & dosagem , Interferon alfa-2 , Interferon-alfa , Doenças Linfáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Linfáticas/imunologia , Linfoma/tratamento farmacológico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Micose Fungoide/tratamento farmacológico , Micose Fungoide/imunologia , Prednisolona/administração & dosagem , Prospídio/administração & dosagem , Proteínas Recombinantes , Sarcoma de Kaposi/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Cutâneas/tratamento farmacológico , Vimblastina/administração & dosagem , Vincristina/administração & dosagemAssuntos
Reações Antígeno-Anticorpo , Hiperplasia Endometrial/imunologia , Menopausa/imunologia , Pólipos/imunologia , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/imunologia , Neoplasias Uterinas/imunologia , Idoso , Formação de Anticorpos , Feminino , Humanos , Imunidade Celular , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valores de ReferênciaAssuntos
Dermatite Atópica/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Formação de Anticorpos/efeitos dos fármacos , Doença Crônica , Dermatite Atópica/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Tolerância Imunológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Imunidade Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
To study immune homeostasis status and to improve the diagnostic value of immunological tests in healthy donors and patients with benign and malignant gastrointestinal tumors, 13 clinico-immunological parameters were identified and measured simultaneously in most of the examinees. A new method of analysis of clinico-immunological information based on stage-by-stage visual evaluation of data shown on dispersion programs and identification of areas corresponding to "normal" immune homeostasis is suggested. Data obtained simultaneously from blastogenic reaction of lymphocytes, cytotoxic test for levels of natural killers in blood and tests for determining subpopulational levels of T-lymphocytes were shown to be diagnostically valuable.