RESUMO
Uncontrolled hyperglycaemia and oxidative stress have been implicated in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. Hyptis verticillata is reportedly explored traditionally for its therapeutic benefits. Resulting from the paucity of information on the anti-hyperglycaemic potential of this plant, the present study assessed the anti-hyperglycaemic activity of H. verticillata leaf extract. Fifty-four albino Wistar rats were divided into two main groups consisting of diabetic and non-diabetic rats. The diabetic and non-diabetic rats were either treated with oral doses of metformin (500 mg/kg b.w.), quercetin (10 mg/kg b.w.), ethanol extract of H. verticillata leaf (low dose: 250 mg/kg b.w.) or H. verticillata (high dose: 500 mg/kg b.w.) for 28 days. Results showed significantly decreased body weight, increased fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, decreased pancreatic islet area and ß-cell number in the diabetic untreated group, relative to normal control. H. verticillata - treated diabetic rats showed decreased FBG and HbA1c, increased body weight, pancreatic islet area and ß-cell number, comparable to the effects of metformin. GCMS analysis of H. verticillata showed the presence of ten bioactive volatile compounds, with squalene which possess strong antioxidant, hypoglycaemic and hypotriglyceridemic effects, as the most abundant. We therefore conclude that H. verticillata has anti-hyperglycaemic properties.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Hyptis/química , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Animais , Glicemia/análise , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose , Hemoglobinas Glicadas , Hipoglicemiantes/isolamento & purificação , Hipoglicemiantes/toxicidade , Masculino , Pâncreas/efeitos dos fármacos , Pâncreas/patologia , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Folhas de Planta/química , Ratos Wistar , Estreptozocina , Testes de Toxicidade AgudaRESUMO
Pesticides are used in agriculture and in domestic pest control. Dichlorvos, an organophosphate, is a predominant pesticide used in domestic insect control in developing countries. Acute and prolonged exposure may lead to death, genotoxic, neurological, reproductive, carcinogenic, immunological, hepatic, renal, respiratory, metabolic, dermal and other systemic effects. Its toxicity is due to the ability of the compound to inhibit acetyl cholinesterase at cholinergic junction of the nervous system. This study is a review of the toxicological effects of dichlorvos in a public health perspective.
