A Rare Case of Granulomatous Mastitis in the Accessory Axillary Breast of a Pregnant Woman Successfully Treated by Surgery.

Granulomatous mastitis (GM) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the breast that usually occurs in women of reproductive age. However, GM during pregnancy is unusual and only one case of GM in the accessory breast has been reported so far. Here, we report an extremely rare case of GM in the accessory axillary breast of a pregnant woman. A 24-year-old pregnant woman had persistent pain and swelling in the right axilla that did not improve with antibiotic administration. Despite incision and drainage for subcutaneous abscess, the incised skin gradually became ulcerated, exposing the subcutaneous granulomatous tissue. Corynebacterium species were isolated in the bacterial culture of drained pus. Lower back pain, pain in several joints, and erythema nodosum on the lower legs appeared later. Based on the result of bacterial culture and the above disease course, the patient was clinically suspected of having GM. The axillary mass was surgically removed after childbirth, and the excised mass was histopathologically confirmed as GM. Treatment for GM should be considered individually and carefully in accordance with the patients' condition. Unnecessary surgery should be avoided. However, early addition of surgical interventions may yield good outcomes, especially for pregnant women because of limited treatment options.

[A Long-Term Survival Case of Liver Metastasis from Remnant Gastric Cancer Treated by CapeOX, S-1, and Surgery].

A 70-year-old man, who had undergone distal gastrectomy for early gastric cancer at 63-year-old, had multiple liver metastases from remnant gastric cancer, which was diagnosed as cT3(SS), N0, M1, cStage Ⅳ. After a regimen consisting of 8 courses of capecitabine plus oxaliplatin and 2 courses of S-1 was administered, clinical CR was confirmed for the remnant gastric cancer and multiple liver metastases. Chemotherapy was administered for 10 months and discontinued for side effects and the needs of the patient. Anticoagulant drugs were administered for the onset of cerebral infarction after he vomited blood. A gastric ulcer in the oral side of the anastomotic portion was detected and diagnosed as poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Multiple liver metastases could not be detected by PET-CT, and we performed a total gastrectomy of the remnant stomach. The patient remains relapse-free 4 years and 10 months after chemotherapy(3 years and 10 months after discontinuing chemotherapy).

Regional education on endoscopic surgery using a teleconference system with high-quality video via the internet: Saga surgical videoconferences.

BACKGROUND: Effective education about endoscopic surgery (ES) is greatly needed for unskilled surgeons, especially at low-volume institutions, to maintain the safety of patients. We have tried to establish the remote educational system using videoconference system through the internet for education about ES to surgeons belonging to affiliate institutions. The aim of this manuscript was to report the potential to establish a comfortable remote educational system and to debate its advantages. METHODS: We established a local remote educational conference system by combining the use of a general web conferencing system and a synchronized remote video playback system with annotation function through a high-speed internet. RESULTS: During 2014-2019, we conducted 14 videoconferences to review and improve surgeons' skills in performing ES at affiliated institutions. At these conferences, while an uncut video of ES that had been performed at one of the affiliated institutions was shown, the surgical procedure was discussed frankly, and expert surgeons advised improvements. The annotation system is useful for easy, prompt recognition among the audience regarding anatomical structures and procedures that are difficult to explain verbally. CONCLUSIONS: This system is of low initial cost and offers easy participation and high-quality videos. It would therefore be a useful tool for regional ES education.

Pegfilgrastim-associated large-vessel vasculitis developed during adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer: A case report and review of the literature.

INTRODUCTION: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is widely used as a neutrophil supportive therapy in breast cancer chemotherapy. Common adverse events of G-CSF include bone pain, headache, and fatigue; however, reports of G-CSF-associated vasculitis are few. CASE REPORT: A 66-year-old woman who had undergone surgery for breast cancer received adjuvant chemotherapy with prophylactic use of pegfilgrastim (peg-G). She developed peg-G-associated vasculitis 11 days after initially receiving peg-G.Management and outcome: Although various blood and culture tests were required to rule out other vasculitis syndromes and infections, her symptoms spontaneously disappeared without any treatment other than discontinuation of the causal drug. DISCUSSION: G-CSF-associated vasculitis is occasionally accompanied by severe complications such as aortic dissection and aneurysm formation. This case report is important to draw attention towards this rare and difficult-to-diagnosis adverse event of peg-G.