Rheological parameters of protein interfacial layers as a criterion of the transition from stable emulsions to microemulsions.

Proteins are considered as surface active substances. On the basis of experimentally measured rheological parameters of interfacial layers, protein accumulation at an interface between two immiscible liquids, isotherms of interfacial tension, accounting theoretical ideas elaborated for multicomponent systems, the formation of interfacial layers was referred to phase transition. The property of proteins to stabilise emulsions supposedly is connected with the formation of middle phases of lamellar structure. The correlation between elastic properties of interfacial layers and a phase transition of the middle phase upon addition of salts or lipids has been shown. Lipids being added as cosurfactants lead to the transition from lamellar to other structures, which does not provide emulsion stabilisation.

[Effect of active medium on sclera creep]. / Vliianie aktivnoí sredy na polzuchest' sklery glaza.

Irreversible stretching (creep) of the eye sclera, regarded as the cause of high myopia, has been studied experimentally. Both dramatic acceleration and appreciable deceleration of the bovine sclera creep have been observed in the presence of some enzymes. Connective tissue creep caused by static and cyclic mechanical stress (gravitation, blood pressure, etc.) can be associated with many age-specific and pathological changes. The authors believe that detection of appropriate creep inhibitors will make it possible to replace surgery with preventive therapy in ophthalmology and cosmetology.

[Lipase adsorption as a factor of lipolysis regulation]. / Adsorbtsiia lipazy kak faktor reguliatsii lipoliza.

Sorption isotherms of pancreatic lipase on solid supports were studied. It was shown that the enzyme adsorption can be described by Langmuir equation for hydrophobic surface and by the equation which takes into account reversible dimerization of the protein in the absorption layer for hydrophilic surface. The catalytic properties of adsorbed lipase depend on the nature of solid support. The significant role of the structure of adsorption layer in heterogeneous activation of the enzyme on hydrophobic surface was suggested.

[Structure formation in interphase adsorption layers of lysozyme at liquid boundaries]. / Strukturoobrazovanie v mezhfaznykh adsorbtsionnykh sloiakh lizotsima na zhidkikh granitsakh

In connection with the modelling of biomembranes regularities of the formation and development of interphase adsorption layers of lysozyme at liquid borders under different conditions and depending on the nature of carbohydrate phase were investigated by the determination of mechanical characteristics of such layers. The investigations carried out showed that the most solid layers appeared under the conditions which assured the formation of the maximum number of intermolecular bonds (which in a common case is performed with maximum disorderlinesss of the macromolecules which get at the interphase).

[Rheological studies of interphase adsorption layers of lysozyme at phase separation liquid boundaries]. / Reologicheskie issledovaniia mezhfaznykh adsorbtsionnykh sloev lizotsima na zhidkikh granitsakh razdela faz

Rheological studies of thin layers of biopolymers provide a principally new approach to the studies of the structure and functions of biomembranes. Rheological properties of interphase adsorption layers of lysozyme at different concentrations, temperatures and at the border with various carbohydrates. The values of moduli of fast elastic deformation E1s, slow elastic deformation E2s, equilibrium module of elasticity Es, viscosity of elastic aftereffect, plastic viscosity eta 0s and eta s for the interphase layers of lysozyme at liquid borders show that the interphase adsorption layers were solidlike, and the moduli of dimeric structure evaluated as volume ones correspond to the characteristics of normal elastomeres.