RESUMO
Clinical diphtheria reappeared in Estonia in 1991. Between 1991 and 1996, 61 cases and 5 deaths occurred; 19 cases were among children 5-9 years of age, and 11 were among persons 40-49 years of age. From 1993-1995, vaccine supplies donated by Finland were used in vaccination programs. In 1995, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and the Estonian Red Cross launched a mass vaccination campaign targeting the adult population. By the end of 1997, it was estimated that 46% of adults had received at least one dose of vaccine. Although the vaccination campaigns did not target the pediatric population, vaccination coverage in school-aged children remained high due to continuing routine vaccination programs. The reappearance and epidemic of clinical diphtheria cases and the mass vaccination campaign efforts demonstrated that preventive measures are important and must be maintained in order to keep diphtheria under control.
Assuntos
Difteria/epidemiologia , Difteria/prevenção & controle , Surtos de Doenças , Programas de Imunização , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Corynebacterium diphtheriae/imunologia , Corynebacterium diphtheriae/isolamento & purificação , Difteria/microbiologia , Toxoide Diftérico/administração & dosagem , Notificação de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Surtos de Doenças/prevenção & controle , Estônia/epidemiologia , Humanos , Esquemas de Imunização , Incidência , Lactente , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Programas Nacionais de SaúdeRESUMO
The epidemiological peculiarities of viral hepatitis in the Estonial SSR as a whole, as well as in Tallinn and in the surrounding Harju region were studied. The study revealed that during the last 10 years the total decrease of morbidity in viral hepatitis was observed due to a decrease in infectious hepatitis, pronounced periodic and seasonal morbidity fluctuations being absent. A sharp decrease in infectious hepatitis morbidity had been achieved by carrying out planned gamma globulin prophylaxis among children. Viral hepatitis morbidity in the republic was determined by the adult population and manifested as sporadic cases of infectious and serum hepatitis. Infectious hepatitis was transmitted mainly through every day contacts, while the leading factor in the transmission of serum hepatitis consisted in various injections. The relatively high morbidity level of serum hepatitis was mainly determined by morbidity in large cities.
