Nivel de conocimiento sobre Hidatidosis Humana y medidas preventivas tras la aplicación de un Programa / Level on knowledge on human hydatidosis and its preventive measures after an educational program / Nível de conhecimento sobre Hidatidose Humana e medidas preventivas após a aplicação de um Programa

Introducción Perú probablemente sea el país de la región de las Américas con una mayor incidencia y prevalencia de hidatidosis quística; la niñez es la etapa de la vida donde generalmente se adquiere la infección, por lo que es importante el desarrollo de capacidades para su prevención. Objetivo Determinar el nivel de conocimiento sobre hidatidosis humana tras la aplicación de un programa preventivo en niñas/os del quinto de primaria de una institución educativa de la localidad de Huancavelica. Metodología Estudio cuasi experimental con pre y post prueba a grupo experimental y control, muestra 28 niñas/os en cada grupo que cumplieron criterios de selección, muestreo no probabilístico. Se aplicó un cuestionario para medir conocimientos sobre hidatidosis humana y medidas preventivas, el programa estuvo basado en el Modelo Didáctico Operativo de Bustos, empleándose la "t" de Student para muestras pareadas. Resultados El nivel de conocimiento sobre hidatidosis humana antes de la intervención educativa fue 50% entre medio y alto (17.5 ± 3.4); después de la intervención 100% mostró un nivel alto (26.8 ± 1.9) p=0.001. El conocimiento sobre medidas preventivas de la hidatidosis humana antes de la intervención fue 25% bajo, 57.1% medio y 17.9% alto (5.5 ± 2.2); tras la intervención el nivel fue 10.7% medio y 89.3% alto (9.1 ± 1.4) p=0.001; el grupo control no evidenció cambios. Conclusiones El programa preventivo fue eficaz, ya que como resultado de la intervención se apreció una mejoría en el conocimiento de la hidatidosis, así como de las medidas de prevención para evitarla.

Introduction Peru is probably the country in the region of the Americas with the highest prevalence of cystic hydatidosis, and because during childhood is when the infection generally is acquired, it is important to develop strategies in order to prevent it. Objective To determine the level of knowledge about human hydatidosis after the implementation of an educational preventing program on children of the 5th grade at a school at Huancavelica, Peru. Methodology This is a quasi-experimental study with control and experimental groups and pre-post tests on a sample of 56 children (28 per group) who met the selection criteria. Sampling was non probabilistic. A questionnaire was given in order to assess the corresponding levels of knowledge, including that on the preventing measures. The program was based on the Operative Educational Model of Bustos. Paired Student's t tests were calculated. Results The level of knowledge on human hydatidosis before the educational intervention was 50% between medium or high (17.5 ± 3.4), but after the program, 100% showed a high level of knowledge (26.8 ± 1.9) p=0.001. Specific knowledge on preventive measures before the intervention was 25% low, 57.1% medium, and 17.9% high (5.5 ± 2.2), and after the program, the levels were 10.7% medium and 89.3% high (9.1 ± 1.4) p=0.001. The control group did not show changes in the scores. Conclusions The educational program improved the knowledge on hydatidosis and its preventive measures.

Introdução Peru provavelmente seja o país da região das Américas com uma maior incidência e prevalência de hidatidose cística; a infância é a etapa da vida onde geralmente adquire-se a infeção, pelo qual é importante o desenvolvimento de capacidades para sua prevenção. Objetivo Determinar o nível de conhecimento sobre hidatidose humana após a aplicação de um programa preventivo em crianças do ensino elementar (5° ano) de uma instituição educativa da localidade de Huancavelica. Metodologia Estudo quase experimental com pre e post teste a grupo experimental e controle, mostra 28 crianças em cada grupo que cumpriram critérios de seleção, amostragem não probabilística. Aplicou-se um questionário para medir conhecimentos sobre hidatidose humana e medidas preventivas, o programa esteve baseado no Modelo Didático Operativo de Bustos, empregando-se a "t" de Student para amostras em pares. Resultados O nível de conhecimento sobre hidatidose humana antes da intervenção educativa foi 50% entre médio e alto (17.5 ± 3.4); despois da intervenção 100% mostrou um nível alto (26.8 ± 1.9) p=0.001. O conhecimento sobre medidas preventivas da hidatidose humana antes da intervenção foi 25% baixo, 57.1% médio e 17.9% alto (5.5 ± 2.2); após a intervenção o nível foi 10.7% médio e 89.3% alto (9.1 ± 1.4) p=0.001; o grupo controle não evidenciou mudanças. Conclusões O programa preventivo foi eficaz, já que como resultado da intervenção apreciou-se uma melhora no conhecimento da hidatidose, assim como das medidas de prevenção para evitá-la.

Manejo no operatorio del trauma abdominal cerrado en el Hospital Puente Piedra / Nonsurgical handing of closed abdominal trauma at the Hospital Puente Piedra

El manejo del traumatismo abdominal cerrado, es sin duda una noxa de peculiar accionar, ante su sospecha, como una emergencia potencial de riesgo de vida. Las diferentes escuelas de cirugía, con el transcurso de los años, empiezan a cuestionarse acerca del manejo de esta patología, sea por cirugía abierta, o manejo no quirúrgico. A la actualidad existen protocolos y mayores criterios que acercan con más sensibilidad y especificidad, para decidir entre alguna alternativa. Presentamos el reporte de un caso de una mujer adulta, que sufre impacto abdominal, por una mototaxi, vehículo de transporte usual en la comunidad de Puente Piedra (Lima-Perú). Evaluada en el Hospital Puente Piedra, refiriendo como síntoma y signo principal, dolor abdominal en hipocondrio izquierdo, además hemodinamicamente estable, y con hematocrito de ingreso de 22%. Se le catalogo como traumatismo abdominal cerrado, con sospecha de ruptura esplénica, esta fue confirmada por ecografía y tomografía computada abdominal, manejándosele de forma no quirúrgica.

Handling of closed abdominal trauma is a noxa with a peculiar way of action when suspected, because of its life threatening potential. Different Schools of Surgery, as years go by, start to question how to handle this pathology, either by open surgery or non surgical procedures. Today, there are protocols and criteria with better sensitivity and specificity that approach this issue to decide among alternatives. We present the report of an adult woman that suffered abdominal trauma by an auto rickshaw (a common way of transportation in the Puente Piedra area). She was evaluated at the Hospital de Puente Piedra, referring as symptoms and main signs abdominal pain at left upper quadrant. She was hemodinamically stable, and had a 22% hematocrit level when admitted. Diagnosis was established as closed abdominal trauma with possible splenic rupture that was confirmed by tomography and ecography. Handling of the patient was non- surgical.

Elejalde syndrome--a melanolysosomal neurocutaneous syndrome: clinical and morphological findings in 7 patients.

BACKGROUND: Silvery hair and severe dysfunction of the central nervous system (neuroectodermal melanolysosomal disease or Elejalde syndrome) characterize this rare autosomal recessive disease. Main clinical features include silver-leaden hair, bronze skin after sun exposure, and neurologic involvement (seizures, severe hypotonia, and mental retardation). Large granules of melanin unevenly distributed in the hair shaft are observed. Abnormal melanocytes and melanosomes and abnormal inclusion bodies in fibroblasts may be present. Differential diagnosis with Chédiak-Higashi syndrome and Griscelli syndrome must be done. OBSERVATIONS: We studied pediatric patients with silvery hair and profound neurologic dysfunction. Immune impairment was absent. Age of onset of neurologic signs ranged from 1 month to 11 years; the signs included severe muscular hypotonia, ocular alterations, and seizures. Mental retardation since the first months of life was noted in 4 cases. Psychomotor development was normal in 3 cases, but suddenly the patients presented with a regressive neurologic process. Four patients died between 6 months and 3 years after the onset of neurologic dysfunction. One patient showed characteristic ultrastructural findings of Elejalde syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: Elejalde syndrome is different from Chédiak-Higashi and Griscelli syndrome and is characterized by silvery hair and frequent occurrence of fatal neurologic alterations. Psychomotor impairment may have 2 forms of presentation: congenital or infantile. Although Elejalde syndrome and Griscelli syndrome are similar, the possibility that they are 2 different diseases, although probably allelic related, is suggested.

Cytomegalovirus infection in children: frequency, anatomopathologic characteristics and underlying risk factors in 1618 autopsies.

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in children with postmortem study. The records of 1618 autopsies performed during 1980-1989 at the Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez were reviewed. Characteristic cytomegalovirus inclusion bodies were identified, in one or several organs, in 47 cases (2.9% of the autopsies). None of these cases was cultured for viruses prior to or at the time of autopsy. Of the 47 cases, 24 (51%) with CMV were younger than 3 months and 38 cases (80%) younger than 12 months of age. In eight cases, the infection was judged as generalized and considered the cause of death. Two of these patients were premature and the infection was most probably intrauterine. The risk factor most frequently identified was secondary immunosuppression. The lung was the most common affected organ, followed by kidney, adrenals, pancreas, liver, brain and salivary glands. In seven cases the inclusion bodies were seen in the brain and in three others periventricular calcifications without inclusion bodies were observed. Although not a rarity in Mexico, CMV infection is not often suspected. Additional studies are needed in order to determine the prevalence of CMV infection in Mexico.