Bacteriophage-based approach for treatment of urinary tract infections: a quick outlook.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections affecting millions worldwide. The increasing emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has become a serious concern in managing UTIs. Therefore, there is a growing interest in using bacteriophages as an alternative or adjunct therapy for UTIs. Bacteriophages are viruses that infect and kill bacteria, making them a promising tool for treating UTIs caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This article provides a quick outlook on using bacteriophages to treat UTIs. We summarize the current understanding of the biology of bacteriophages, the challenges associated with developing phage-based therapies, and the promising results of several case reports and clinical trials. We also highlight the potential of phage therapy as a valuable tool in the fight against antibiotic-resistant UTIs. This quick outlook on a bacteriophage-based approach for treating UTIs offers a timely and informative summary of the current research in this field.

Audiometric Outcomes of Ventilation Drainage Treatment for Otitis Media with Effusion in Children: Implications for Speech Development and Hearing Loss.

BACKGROUND Otitis media with effusion is the most commonly recognized condition in childhood. Chronic otitis media with accompanying hearing loss is particularly unfavorable in the first years of the child's life because it can not only permanently damage the structure of the middle ear, but also adversely affect speech development and intellectual abilities in the child. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study, from a single center in Poland, included 201 children (372 ears) requiring surgical treatment due to otitis media with effusion. The condition was diagnosed by an ear, nose, and throat specialist, and each patient had a hearing test performed. The control group consisted of 21 patients (42 ears) with negative outcomes following an audiological interview. RESULTS Among all of the patients enrolled in the study, a normal tympanometry result was found in 60.6% of ears, and otoemission occurred in 63.3% of ears. The average hearing threshold in the study group was 22.01 Hz in the 500 Hz frequency range, while they were 16.76 Hz, 12.72 kHz, and 14.78 kHz for the corresponding 1 kHz, 2 kHz, and 4 kHz ranges, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Ventilation drainage is an effective treatment for otitis media with effusion. The presence of genetic disease has the greatest impact on the course of otitis media. These patients most often require reinsertion of a ventilation tube.

Analytics, Properties and Applications of Biologically Active Stilbene Derivatives.

Stilbene and its derivatives belong to the group of biologically active compounds. Some derivatives occur naturally in various plant species, while others are obtained by synthesis. Resveratrol is one of the best-known stilbene derivatives. Many stilbene derivatives exhibit antimicrobial, antifungal or anticancer properties. A thorough understanding of the properties of this group of biologically active compounds, and the development of their analytics from various matrices, will allow for a wider range of applications. This information is particularly important in the era of increasing incidence of various diseases hitherto unknown, including COVID-19, which is still present in our population. The purpose of this study was to summarize information on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of stilbene derivatives, their biological activity, potential applications as preservatives, antiseptics and disinfectants, and stability analysis in various matrices. Optimal conditions for the analysis of the stilbene derivatives in question were developed using the isotachophoresis technique.

The two faces of pyocyanin - why and how to steer its production?

The ambiguous nature of pyocyanin was noted quite early after its discovery. This substance is a recognized Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factor that causes problems in cystic fibrosis, wound healing, and microbiologically induced corrosion. However, it can also be a potent chemical with potential use in a wide variety of technologies and applications, e.g. green energy production in microbial fuel cells, biocontrol in agriculture, therapy in medicine, or environmental protection. In this mini-review, we shortly describe the properties of pyocyanin, its role in the physiology of Pseudomonas and show the ever-growing interest in it. We also summarize the possible ways of modulating pyocyanin production. We underline different approaches of the researchers that aim either at lowering or increasing pyocyanin production by using different culturing methods, chemical additives, physical factors (e.g. electromagnetic field), or genetic engineering techniques. The review aims to present the ambiguous character of pyocyanin, underline its potential, and signalize the possible further research directions.

Comparison of Safety and Efficacy of Hydrus and iStent Combined with Phacoemulsyfication in Open Angle Glaucoma Patients: 24-Month Follow-Up.

The paper presents the results of a 24-month-long observation comparing the effectiveness and safety of two micro-invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) devices: Hydrus Microstent and iStent Trabecular Bypass in combination with cataract phacoemulsification in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma. We also analyzed the impact of preoperative factors on achieving surgical success in both surgical methods. The prospective, comparative, non-randomized study included 65 glaucoma surgeries. In 35 patients (53.8%), an iStent implant procedure was performed, while 30 patients (46.2%) underwent a Hydrus implant procedure. The demographic data was similar in both treatment groups. At 24 months after surgery, the mean IOP in the iStent group was 15.9 ± 3.0 mmHg and in the Hydrus group 16.2 ± 1.8 mmHg. The difference between the mean iStent vs Hydrus after two years of treatment was -0.3 (p = 0.683). At the 24 month follow-up, the average change in the number of antiglaucoma medications used was 71.7% in the iStent group and 79.6% in the Hydrus group. The difference in mean percentage change between groups was 7.9% in favor of Hydrus. Patients under the age of 70 may benefit from a greater risk reduction in the Hydrus group (HR = 0.81), while those over the age of 70 may benefit from a risk reduction in the iStent group (HR = 1.33). IOP cases with >18 mmHg before the surgery have a better chance of surgical success with the Hydrus method (HR = 0.28), and with IOP < 18 mmHg in the iStent group (HR = 1.93). Cases with more drugs (≥3 drugs) are more favorable in the Hydrus group (HR = 0.23), while those with a maximum of two drugs have a better prognosis in the iStent group (HR = 2.23). The most common postoperative complication was the presence of erythrocytes in the anterior chamber (AC), found in 40.0% of operated eyes in the Hydrus group. The profile of observed complications and significant improvement in visual acuity allows us to consider both implants as a safe way of treating patients with early or moderate glaucoma and co-existing cataracts.

The use of the electromagnetic field in microbial process bioengineering.

An electromagnetic field (EMF) has been shown to have various stimulatory or inhibitory effects on microorganisms. Over the years, growing interest in this topic led to numerous discoveries suggesting the potential applicability of EMF in biotechnological processes. Among these observations are stimulative effects of this physical influence resulting in intensified biomass production, modification of metabolic activity, or pigments secretion. In this review, we present the current state of the art and underline the main findings of the application of EMF in bioprocessing and their practical meaning in process engineering using examples selected from studies on bacteria, archaea, microscopic fungi and yeasts, viruses, and microalgae. All biological data are presented concerning the classification of EMF. Furthermore, we aimed to highlight missing parts of contemporary knowledge and indicate weak spots in the approaches found in the literature.

PhageScore-based analysis of Acinetobacter baumannii infecting phages antibiotic interaction in liquid medium.

The growing interest in bacteriophages and antibiotics' combined use poses new challenges regarding this phenomenon's accurate description. This study aimed to apply the PhageScore methodology to assess the phage-antibiotic combination activity in liquid bacterial culture. For this purpose, previously described Acinetobacter infecting phages vB_AbaP_AGC01, Aba-1, and Aba-4 and antibiotics (gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, meropenem, norfloxacin, and fosfomycin) were used to obtain a lysis curve of bacteriophages under antibiotic pressure. The experimental data were analyzed using the Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI) and PhageScore methodology. The results obtained by this method clearly show differences between phage lytic activity after antibiotic addition. Thus, we present the potential use of the PhageScore method as a tool for characterizing the phage antibiotic synergy in liquid culture. Further, the optimization of the PhageScore for this purpose can help compare antibiotics and their outcome on bacteriophage lytic activity.

Refractive astigmatism in phaco-canaloplasty vs phaco-non-penetrating deep sclerectomy.

This study aimed to assess refractive astigmatism, in phaco-canaloplasty (PC) vs phaco-non-penetrating deep sclerectomy (PDS) in a randomized, prospective study within 24 months. Patients were randomized pre-operatively, 37 underwent PC and 38 PDS. The following data was collected: BCVA, IOP, number of antiglaucoma medications, refraction with autokeratorefractometry. The assessment of astigmatism was simple arithmetic and vector analysis (calculations included cylinder with axis in form of centroids) and included double angle plots and cumulative refractive astigmatism graphs. Pre-operative mean BCVA in PC was 0.40 ± 0.43 and was comparable to BCVA in PDS 0.30 ± 0.32logMAR (P = 0.314). In the sixth month follow-up, mean BCVA showed no difference (P = 0.708) and was 0.07 ± 0.13 and 0.05 ± 0.11, respectively. However, 2 years after the intervention mean BCVA was better in PC 0.05 ± 0.12 than in PDS 0.12 ± 0.23 and it was statistically significant (P = 0.039). Mean astigmatism in PC at baseline was 1.13 ± 0.73Dcyl, at 6 months it was 1.09 ± 0.61 and at 2 years 1.17 ± 0.51. In PDS at baseline 1.35 ± 0.91 at 6 months 1.24 ± 0.86 and at 2 years 1.24 ± 0.82. There were no differences between the groups in mean astigmatism throughout the study. Centroids (mean of a cylinder with axis) in PC were pre-operatively 0.79D@172˚ ± 1.10Dcyl, at 6 months 0.75D@166˚ ± 1.01 and at 24-months 0.64D@164˚ ± 1.11 and in PDS pre-operatively 0.28D@10˚ ± 1.63D at 6 months 0.26D@11˚ ± 1.5 and at 24-months 0.47D@20˚ ± 1.43. The direction of mean astigmatism was against the rule in all analyzed time points. The mean baseline IOP in PC was 19.4 ± 5.8 mmHg and 19.7 ± 5.4 mmHg in PDS(P = 0.639). From the 6-month IOP was lower in PC, at 24-months it was 13.8 ± 3.3 mmHg in PC and 15.1 ± 2.9 mmHg in PDS(P = 0.048). In both groups preoperatively patients used median(Me) of three antiglaucoma medications(P = 0.197), at 24-months in PC mean 0.5 ± 0.9 Me = 0.0 and 1.1 ± 1.2 Me = 1.0 in PDS(P = 0.058). Both surgeries in mid-term observation are safe and effective. They do not generate vision-threatening astigmatism and do not even change the preoperative direction of mean astigmatism. Refractive astigmatism is stable throughout the observation.

Impact of Pneumococcal Vaccination on Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Microbiota Profiles in Preschool Children in South East Poland.

In 2017, Poland introduced the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) into its national immunization schedule. This prospective study was conducted between March and June 2020 to determine the impact of vaccination on prevalence of the nasopharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae in 176 healthy children and to determine how conjugate vaccines indirectly affect colonization of nasopharyngeal microbiota. Pneumococcal isolates were analyzed by serotyping and antimicrobial resistance tests. Nasopharyngeal microbiota were detected and identified using the culture method and real-time PCR amplification primers and hydrolysis-probe detection with the 16S rRNA gene as the target. In the vaccinated group of children, colonization was in 24.2% of children, compared to 21.4% in the unvaccinated group. Serotypes 23A and 23B constituted 41.5% of the isolates. Serotypes belonging to PCV10 and PCV13 constituted 4.9% and 17.1% of the isolates, respectively. S. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to penicillin (34.1%), erythromycin (31.7%), and co-trimoxazole (26.8%). Microbial DNA qPCR array correlated to increased amounts of Streptococcus mitis and S. sanguinis in vaccinated children, with reduced amounts of C. pseudodiphtericum, S. aureus, and M. catarrhalis. Introduction of PCV for routine infant immunization was associated with significant reductions in nasopharyngeal carriage of PCV serotypes and resistant strains amongst vaccine serotypes, yet carriage of non-PCV serotypes increased modestly, particularly serotype 23B.

Bacteriophage-Ciprofloxacin Combination Effectiveness Depends on Staphylococcus aureus-Candida albicans Dual-Species Communities' Growth Model.

Alternative therapies against multidrug-resistant bacteria are widely investigated in the postantibiotic era. Polymicrobial biofilms formed by two or more species of bacteria or fungi pose an additional threat. The removal of such complex communities requires more effort and a multidirectional approach. In this study, the effectiveness of two bacteriophages vB_SauM-A (A) and vB_SauM-D (D) combined with ciprofloxacin was used to combat Staphylococcus aureus in the presence of Candida albicans both in liquid culture and biofilm. The results showed that phage-antibiotic synergy (PAS) led to the complete removal of S. aureus in liquid culture without bacterial population regrowth after 24 hours, and C. albicans enhanced this therapeutic effect. In a biofilm assay, C. albicans presence caused a decrease of bacterial eradication and a reduction of biofilm-specific activity (BSA). However, the strong effect of PAS was observed both in mono- and dual-species biofilm. Usage of phages and ciprofloxacin (1 mg/L) caused a 90% reduction of BSA of mono-species biofilm and 69% of dual-species biofilm. Phages alone resulted in a decrease of 71% and 48%, and ciprofloxacin (1 mg/L) alone resulted in 45% and 23% reduction, respectively. The influence of C. albicans on the PAS effect against S. aureus presented in this study was not previously investigated.

Application of Magnetically Assisted Reactors for Modulation of Growth and Pyocyanin Production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a producer of desired secondary metabolites, including pyocyanin. Potential uses of this pigment urge a search for improved production methods. Recent trends in bioprocessing show the potential of the use of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) to influence the growth of microorganisms and even modulate the concentration of bioproducts. Here, we aimed at assessing the influence of rotating magnetic field (RMF) and static magnetic field (SMF) on pyocyanin production, growth rate, and respiration of P. aeruginosa. Moreover, exposure time to EMFs (2, 6, and 12 h) and culture volume (10 and 50 ml) were initially assessed. P. aeruginosa was cultivated in magnetically assisted reactors with 5 and 50 Hz RMF (magnetic induction of 24.32 and 42.64 mT, respectively) and SMF (-17.37 mT). Growth kinetics was assessed with Gompertz equation. The viability was tested using resazurin assay, whereas pyocyanin production by chloroform-HCl methodology. The growth of P. aeruginosa was slightly stimulated by exposure to a RMF with 50 Hz (108% related to the control) and significantly by SMF (132% related to the control), while RMF 5 Hz exposure prolonged the time of inflection (in comparison to RMF 50 Hz and SMF). The 6-h exposure to EMFs resulted in the highest pyocyanin production in comparison to the control, indicating a relationship between exposure time and product concentration. Moreover, cultures led in smaller volumes produced more pyocyanin. Our findings show that the use of different EMF types, frequency, and exposition time and volume could be used interchangeably to obtain different bioprocess aims.

Microinvasive glaucoma surgery: a review and classification of implant-dependent procedures and techniques.

The aim of this article is to discuss how physiology and anatomical background affect the effectiveness of implant-dependent microinvasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS). First, we provide a micro view of aqueous outflow and tissue behaviour. Second, we review studies exploring the mechanisms of the pressure-lowering effect of MIGS, as well as tissue behaviour during aqueous flow and tissue motion. We also describe and classify microinvasive surgical procedures and the most important types of implants, as well as their mechanisms of action, implantation techniques and efficacy. Further, we summarize the indications and surgical results presented in recent studies, providing an evidence-based update on novel and emerging MIGS techniques for the treatment of open-angle glaucoma. These data can help surgeons to personalize the management of glaucoma and to choose the best MIGS option for individual glaucoma patients.

Schlemm's canal: the outflow 'vessel'.

In a healthy eye, the aqueous humour (AH) flows via the ciliary body and trabecular meshwork into the collector channels, which carry it to the episcleral veins. In glaucoma, a heterogeneous group of eye disorders affecting approximately 60 million individuals worldwide, the juxtacanalicular meshwork offers greater resistance to the outflow of the AH, leading to an increase in outflow resistance that gradually results in elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). The present review comprehensively covers the morphology of Schlemm's canal (SC) and AH pathways. The path of the AH from the anterior chamber through the trabeculum into suprascleral and conjunctival veins via collector channels is described, and the role of SC in the development of glaucoma and outflow resistance is discussed. Finally, channelography is presented as a precise method of assessing the conventional drainage pathway and facilitating localization of an uncollapsed collector and aqueous veins. Attention is also given to the relationship between aqueous and episcleral veins and heartbeat. Possible directions of future research are proposed.

The Influence of Hydrodynamic Conditions in a Laboratory-Scale Bioreactor on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Metabolite Production.

Hydrodynamic conditions are critical in bioprocessing because they influence oxygen availability for cultured cells. Processes in typical laboratory bioreactors need optimization of these conditions using mixing and aeration control to obtain high production of the desired bioproduct. It could be done by experiments supported by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling. In this work, we characterized parameters such as mixing time, power consumption and mass transfer in a 2 L bioreactor. Based on the obtained results, we chose a set of nine process parameters to test the hydrodynamic impact on a selected bioprocess (mixing in the range of 0-160 rpm and aeration in the range of 0-250 ccm). Therefore, we conducted experiments with P. aeruginosa culture and assessed how various hydrodynamic conditions influenced biomass, pyocyanin and rhamnolipid production. We found that a relatively high mass transfer of oxygen (kLa = 0.0013 s-1) connected with intensive mixing (160 rpm) leads to the highest output of pyocyanin production. In contrast, rhamnolipid production reached maximal efficiency under moderate oxygen mass transfer (kLa = 0.0005 s-1) and less intense mixing (in the range of 0-60 rpm). The results indicate that manipulating hydrodynamics inside the bioreactor allows control of the process and may lead to a change in the metabolites produced by bacterial cells.

Development of an Autochthonous Microbial Consortium for Enhanced Bioremediation of PAH-Contaminated Soil.

The main objectives of this study were to isolate bacteria from soil chronically contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), develop an autochthonous microbial consortium, and evaluate its ability to degrade PAHs in their native contaminated soil. Strains with the best bioremediation potential were selected during the multi-stage isolation process. Moreover, to choose bacteria with the highest bioremediation potential, the presence of PAH-degrading genes (pahE) was confirmed and the following tests were performed: tolerance to heavy metals, antagonistic behavior, phytotoxicity, and antimicrobial susceptibility. In vitro degradation of hydrocarbons led to the reduction of the total PAH content by 93.5% after the first day of incubation and by 99.22% after the eighth day. Bioremediation experiment conducted in situ in the contaminated area resulted in the average reduction of the total PAH concentration by 33.3% after 5 months and by over 72% after 13 months, compared to the concentration recorded before the intervention. Therefore, this study implicates that the development of an autochthonous microbial consortium isolated from long-term PAH-contaminated soil has the potential to enhance the bioremediation process.

Double-Layer Agar (DLA) Modifications for the First Step of the Phage-Antibiotic Synergy (PAS) Identification.

The research carried out so far for phage-antibiotic synergy (PAS) differs as regards the technique of modifying the double-layer agar (DLA) method to show the PAS effect on Petri plates, which may contribute to non-uniform research results. Therefore, there is a need to unify the method to effectively detect the PAS effect, at its most basic in vitro test. In this study, bacteriophage T45 and 43 antibiotics belonging to different antibiotic classes were used. Seven different DLA method modifications were tested, in terms of antibiotic addition placement and presence or absence of the base agar. The overall number of phage plaques per plate mainly depended on the antibiotic used. Differences in plaque quantity depended on the type of the DLA method modification. The largest total number of plaques was obtained by the addition of an antibiotic to a bottom agar with the presence of a top agar. This indicates that even though an antibiotic could manifest the PAS effect by a standard disk method, it would be worth examining if the effect is equally satisfactory when applying antibiotics directly into the agar, with regards to using the same bacteriophage and bacterial host.

XEN Glaucoma Implant for the Management of Glaucoma in Naïve Patients versus Patients with Previous Glaucoma Surgery.

This retrospective study analyzed the surgical and refractive outcomes of a XEN Gel Implant (Allergan, Abbvie Company, Irvine, CA, USA) in naïve patients versus those with previous glaucoma surgery. We evaluated the efficacy of XEN implantation in 86 glaucoma patients during a long-term follow-up period. Patients were divided into two groups: naïve patients (Group 1) and patients with previous glaucoma surgery (Group 2). Eyes that received a XEN Gel Stent placement from December 2014 to October 2019 were included. Intraocular pressure (IOP) change, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), change in glaucoma medications, frequency of slit lamp revision procedures, and frequency of secondary glaucoma surgeries were the primary outcomes. In Group 1, the mean IOP before surgery was decreased significantly from 25.00 ± 7.52 mmHg to 16.83 ± 5.12 mmHg by the end of the study. In Group 2, the mean IOP decreased significantly from 25.35 ± 7.81 mmHg to 17.54 ± 5.34 mmHg. The mean IOP decrease from baseline was 29% in Group 1 and 27% in Group 2 (p = 0.567). There were no significant differences between the groups in the IOP baseline level, the final level, or the change between preoperative and final levels. The qualified success rate for Group 2 was 68.7% versus 76.5% for Group 1 for the initial procedure and 15.4% vs. 20.2%, respectively, for complete success rate (p > 0.05). However, at the end of the follow-up, more patients achieved an IOP < 18 mmHg in Group 1 than in Group 2. Despite the need for more anti-glaucoma medications, repeat XEN Gel implantation appears to show promising results in patients with previously failed anti-glaucoma procedures, owing to its minimal invasiveness.

Fabrication of Paper Sheets Coatings Based on Chitosan/Bacterial Nanocellulose/ZnO with Enhanced Antibacterial and Mechanical Properties.

Here, we designed paper sheets coated with chitosan, bacterial cellulose (nanofibers), and ZnO with boosted antibacterial and mechanical activity. We investigated the compositions, with ZnO exhibiting two different sizes/shapes: (1) rods and (2) irregular sphere-like particles. The proposed processing of bacterial cellulose resulted in the formation of nanofibers. Antimicrobial behavior was tested using E. coli ATCC® 25922™ following the ASTM E2149-13a standard. The mechanical properties of the paper sheets were measured by comparing tearing resistance, tensile strength, and bursting strength according to the ISO 5270 standard. The results showed an increased antibacterial response (assigned to the combination of chitosan and ZnO, independent of its shape and size) and boosted mechanical properties. Therefore, the proposed composition is an interesting multifunctional mixture for coatings in food packaging applications.

XEN Glaucoma Implant for the Management of Operated Uncontrolled Glaucoma: Results and Complications during a Long-Term Follow-Up.

This study aimed to analyze the surgical and refractive outcomes of XEN glaucoma implant (Allergan, an Abbvie company, Irvine, CA, USA), a minimally invasive surgical device for the treatment of operated uncontrolled glaucoma. Eyes that received XEN Gel Stent placement from December 2014 to October 2019 were retrospectively investigated. Intraocular pressure (IOP) change, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), change in glaucoma medications, frequency of slit lamp revision procedures, and frequency of secondary glaucoma surgeries were the primary outcomes. Seventy-two eyes of 72 subjects were included in the study: 32 (44%) men and 40 (56%) women. The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 50 months (median, 26.13 months). The mean IOP before surgery was 24.82 ± 8.03 mmHg and decreased to 17.45 ± 5.84 mmHg at the end of the study (mean difference [MD] = -7.48, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -10.04, -4.93; p < 0.001). The mean decrease from baseline was 23%. BCVA before surgery was 0.38 ± 0.30, and that at the end of the follow-up period improved to 0.47 ± 0.37, MD = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.13; p < 0.001. Additional procedures (fluorouracil injection and bleb needling) were performed in 11/72 patients (15%). Further glaucoma surgery was necessary for 23.9% of the patients. XEN Gel Stent implantation is both safe and reasonably effective for lowering IOP in operated uncontrolled glaucoma patients.

Non-syndromic inherited retinal diseases in Poland: Genes, mutations, and phenotypes.

Purpose: Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs), encompassing many clinical entities affecting the retina, are classified as rare disorders. Their extreme heterogeneity made molecular screening in the era before next-generation sequencing (NGS) expensive and time-consuming. Since then, many NGS studies of IRD molecular background have been conducted in Western populations; however, knowledge of the IRD mutational spectrum in Poland is still limited. Until now, there has been almost no comprehensive analysis of this particular population regarding the molecular basis and inheritance of IRDs. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to gain knowledge about the type and prevalence of causative variants in the Polish population. Methods: We recruited 190 Polish families with non-syndromic IRDs, including Stargardt disease (STGD), retinitis pigmentosa (RP), cone- and cone-rod dystrophy (CD/CRD), achromatopsia, and congenital stationary night blindness. A pool of molecular inversion probes was used, which targeted 108 genes associated with non-syndromic IRDs known in 2013. We applied filtering for known variants occurring with an allele frequency >0.5% in public and in-house databases, with the exception of variants in ABCA4, when the frequency filter was set to 3.0%. Hypomorphic p.(Asn1868Ile) was added manually. In the case of novel missense or splicing variants, we used in silico prediction software to assess mutation causality. Results: We detected causative mutations in 115 of the 190 families with non-syndromic IRD (60.2%). Fifty-nine individuals with STGD, RP, and CD/CRD carried causal variants in ABCA4. Novel single nucleotide variants were found in ABCA4, CEP290, EYS, MAK, and CNGA3. The complex allele c.[1622T>C;3113C>T], p.[Leu541Pro;Ala1038Val] was found in 33 individuals with ABCA4-associated disorders, which makes it the most prevalent allele in the Polish population (17% of all solved cases). Diagnosis was reevaluated in 16 cases. Conclusions: Previously, there were no comprehensive reports of IRDs in the Polish population. This study is the first to indicate that the most common IRDs in Poland are ABCA4-associated diseases, regardless of the phenotype. In Polish patients with RP, the second most prevalent causal gene was RHO and the third RPGR, while there were not as many mutations in EYS as in Western populations. The number of initial erroneous diagnoses may be the result of limited access to diagnostics with advanced tools, such as electroretinography; however, it is necessary to raise awareness among Polish ophthalmologists of rare IRDs. Additionally, it must be emphasized that in some cases genetic analysis of the patient is necessary to achieve an accurate diagnosis.