RESUMO
Objective: Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a congenital condition affecting 2-3% of all infants. DDH increases the risk of osteoarthritis, is the cause of 30 â% of all total hip arthroplasties (THAs) in adults <40 years of age and can result in loss of life quality. Our aim was to explore the genetic background of DDH in order to improve diagnosis, management and longterm outcome. Design: We used the large, ongoing, longitudinal Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) database. Case definition was based on ICD-9/-10 diagnoses of DDH, or osteoarthritis secondary to DDH. Analyses were performed using SAIGE software, with covariates including sex, batch, birth year and principal components. We included only single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with minor allele frequency (MAF) ≥ 0.01, R2≥ 0.8 and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) P-value ≥ 0.0001. Significance level was set at p â< â5 â× â10-8. Meta-analysis using data from DDH and primary osteoarthritis genome-wide association studies (GWASs) was done using METAL software. The study was approved by the regional ethical committee. Results: Analysis included 69,500 individuals, of which 408 cases, and 8,531,386 SNPs. Two SNPs near COL11A1 were significantly associated with DDH; rs713162 (ß â= â-0.43, SE â= â0.07, p â= â8.4 â× â10-9) and rs6577334 (ß â= â-0.43, SE â= â0.08, p â= â8.9 â× â10-9). COL11A1 has previously been associated with acetabular dysplasia and osteoarthritis. Meta-analysis supported previous GWAS findings of both DDH and primary osteoarthritis. Conclusions: This large, genome-wide case-control study indicates an association between COL11A1 and DDH and is an important contribution to investigating the etiology of DDH, with further research needed.
RESUMO
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood onset neuropsychiatric disorder with a complex and heterogeneous symptomatology. Persistence of ADHD symptoms into adulthood is common. Methylphenidate (MPH) is a widely prescribed stimulant compound that may be effective against ADHD symptoms in children and adults. However, MPH does not exert satisfactory effect in all patients. Several genetic variants have been proposed to predict either treatment response or adverse effects of stimulants. We conducted a literature search to identify previously reported variants associated with MPH response and additional variants that were biologically plausible candidates for MPH response. The response to MPH was assessed by the treating clinicians in 564 adult ADHD patients and 20 genetic variants were successfully genotyped. Logistic regression was used to test for association between these polymorphisms and treatment response. Nominal associations (p < 0.05) were meta-analysed with published data from previous comparable studies. In our analyses, rs1800544 in the ADRA2A gene was associated with MPH response at a nominal significance level (OR 0.560, 95 % CI 0.329-0.953, p = 0.033). However, this finding was not affirmed in the meta-analysis. No genetic variants revealed significant associations after correction for multiple testing (p < 0.00125). Our results suggest that none of the studied variants are strong predictors of MPH response in adult ADHD as judged by clinician ratings, potentially except for rs1800544. Consequently, pharmacogenetic testing in routine clinical care is not supported by our analyses. Further studies on the pharmacogenetics of adult ADHD are warranted.
