RESUMO
To search for TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor alpha) converting enzyme (TACE) inhibitors, we designed a new class of macrocyclic hydroxamic acids by linking the P1 and P2' residues of acyclic anti-succinate-based hydroxamic acids. A variety of residues including amide, carbamate, alkyl, sulfonamido, Boc-amino, and amino were found to be suitable P1-P2' linkers. With an N-methylamide at P3', the 13-16-membered macrocycles prepared exhibited low micromolar activities in the inhibition of TNF-alpha release from LPS-stimulated human whole blood. Further elaboration in the P3'-P4' area using the cyclophane and cyclic carbamate templates led to the identification of a number of potent analogues with IC(50) values of =0.2 microM in whole blood assay (WBA). Although the P3' area can accommodate a broad array of structurally diversified functional groups including polar residues, hydrophobic residues, and amino and carboxylic acid moieties, in both the cyclophane series and the cyclic carbamate series, a glycine residue at P3' was identified as a critical structural component to achieve both good in vitro potency and good oral activity. With a glycine residue at P3', an N-methylamide at P4' provided the best cyclophane analogue, SL422 (WBA IC(50) = 0.22 microM, LPS-mouse ED(50) = 15 mg/kg, po), whereas a morpholinylamide at P4' afforded the most potent and most orally active cyclic carbamate analogue, SP057 (WBA IC(50) = 0.067 microM, LPS-mouse ED(50) = 2.3 mg/kg, po). Further profiling for SL422 and SP057 showed that these macrocyclic compounds are potent TACE inhibitors, with K(i) values of 12 and 4.2 nM in the porcine TACE assay, and are broad-spectrum MMP inhibitors. Pharmacokinetic studies in beagle dogs revealed that SL422 and SP057 are orally bioavailable, with oral bioavailabilities of 11% and 23%, respectively.
Assuntos
Inibidores Enzimáticos/síntese química , Ácidos Hidroxâmicos/síntese química , Lactamas/síntese química , Metaloendopeptidases/antagonistas & inibidores , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas ADAM , Proteína ADAM17 , Administração Oral , Animais , Disponibilidade Biológica , Carbamatos/síntese química , Carbamatos/química , Carbamatos/farmacocinética , Carbamatos/farmacologia , Cães , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacocinética , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Humanos , Ácidos Hidroxâmicos/química , Ácidos Hidroxâmicos/farmacocinética , Ácidos Hidroxâmicos/farmacologia , Técnicas In Vitro , Lactamas/química , Lactamas/farmacocinética , Lactamas/farmacologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/análiseRESUMO
The selective inhibition of coagulation factor Xa has emerged as an attractive strategy for the discovery of novel antithrombotic agents. Here we describe highly potent benzamidine factor Xa inhibitors based on a vicinally-substituted heterocyclic core.
Assuntos
Benzamidinas/química , Benzamidinas/farmacologia , Inibidores do Fator Xa , Compostos Heterocíclicos/química , Inibidores de Serina Proteinase/química , Animais , Benzamidinas/síntese química , Compostos Heterocíclicos/síntese química , Humanos , Cinética , Estrutura Molecular , Coelhos , Inibidores de Serina Proteinase/síntese química , Inibidores de Serina Proteinase/farmacologia , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Examination of the S1 area of the active site of pro-stromelysin has led us to the design of novel and potent inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases containing constrained quaternary-hydroxy group at P1. The synthesis and biological activity of these compounds with variations at P1', P2', and P3' will be described.
Assuntos
Ácidos Hidroxâmicos/química , Metaloendopeptidases/antagonistas & inibidores , Inibidores de Proteases/química , Domínio Catalítico , Colagenases/química , Simulação por Computador , Desenho de Fármacos , Precursores Enzimáticos/antagonistas & inibidores , Precursores Enzimáticos/química , Ligação de Hidrogênio , Ácidos Hidroxâmicos/síntese química , Ácidos Hidroxâmicos/farmacologia , Indicadores e Reagentes , Metaloproteinase 1 da Matriz , Metaloproteinase 3 da Matriz/química , Inibidores de Metaloproteinases de Matriz , Metaloendopeptidases/química , Modelos Moleculares , Conformação Molecular , Estrutura Molecular , Inibidores de Proteases/síntese química , Inibidores de Proteases/farmacologia , Conformação Proteica , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
The structure-activity relationships of some tetracyclic heterocycles related to Brequinar were explored. Activities as inhibitors of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase and the mixed lymphocyte reaction are related to ring system, heteroatom placement, and pendant ring substitution.