Heart block in patients after bariatric surgery accompanying sleep apnea.

BACKGROUND: Heart block and bradycardia during sleep has been reported in patients with obesity. The occurrence of bradyarrhythmias in patients after undergoing bariatric surgery has not been reported. METHODS: Over a period of 6 months, 3 patients who underwent laparoscopic weight reduction surgery developed prolonged heart block during sleep. Clinical course and follow-up are presented. RESULTS: All 3 patients were diagnosed with sleep apnea. For 2 of these patients this was a new diagnosis. The episodes of heart block coincided with their episodes of sleep apnea. During follow-up of at least 6 months, no patient has had any adverse consequences related to their nocturnal heart block. CONCLUSION: Heart block during sleep is sometimes seen in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. The cause is sleep apnea, which often is worsened in the postoperative state due to narcotic analgesics. These patients require treatment of their sleep apnea, not pacemakers.

Clinical and epidemiologic studies of Chagas' disease in rural communities of Oaxaca, Mexico, and an eight-year followup: II. Chila.

A seroepidemiologic survey conducted in 1971 in the rural Pacific coastal community of Chila in the Mexican state of Oaxaca showed an unusually high prevalence of antibody against the Chagas' disease agent Trypanosoma cruzi. Further studies were undertaken in 1973 and 1981 to (1) determine the pathologic impact of T. cruzi infection in humans, (2) investigate the natural history of the disease, (3) confirm that serologically positive persons were parasitologically positive, and (4) evaluate whether T. cruzi transmission continued into the next decade. This article reports results derived from those studies.

PIP: In 1971, health workers drew blood samples from 238 people living in the rural Pacific coastal village of Chile in Oaxaca State, Mexico to determine seroprevalence of antibodies against Trypanosoma cruzi--the parasite responsible for Chagas' disease. Seroprevalence was 5% in 16 year old children, but increased from 41% to 62% to a peak of 78% for 16-19, 20-29, and 30-39 year olds respectively then fell to 68% for 40-49 year olds only to climb again to 75% in 50-59 year olds and fell again to 47% for =or 60 year olds. Overall seroprevalence for adults was 67%. By 1981, adult seroprevalence had fallen to 33% and childhood prevalence to 0.7%. The very low levels of T. cruzi antibodies in children corresponded with insecticide (DDT) spraying for malaria control and with the disappearance of triatomine bugs from Chile. Medical histories revealed that seropositive individuals were more likely to exhibit acute signs and symptoms of initial bite lesions (Romana's sign), furuncle like skin lesions (Chagoma), and facial or body edema (p.05). They also tended to suffer from chronic fatigue and difficult breathing while lying down (p.05). 1973 electrocardiogram (ECG) results showed that seropositive individuals were significantly more likely to have complete right bundle branch block (p.005) and premature ventricular contractions (p.05) than seronegative individuals. There were no seroconversions among 57 people examined with ECGs between 1971-1983. Even though more seropositives (21%) experienced a progression of ECG abnormalities (3% rate/year) than seronegatives (7%), the difference was not significant. Despite reductions in seroprevalence and in triatomine bug population, serologic surveillance and monitoring to detect repopulation of houses by the bugs should be maintained.

Total parenteral nutrition in pregnancy complicated by Crohn's disease.

Despite the widespread use of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in nonpregnant patients, the literature reflects limited experience with TPN in pregnancy. However, since maternal nutritional deprivation may cause adverse fetal effects, its use appears warranted. We present a case of a pregnant patient with a poor reproductive history and recently diagnosed Crohn's disease who required TPN. We discuss the use of TPN with fat emulsions in this patient who was unable to tolerate enteral feedings during pregnancy. The patient underwent a 4-week period without oral intake. Total parenteral nutrition enabled continued fetal growth, resulting in a good outcome for the patient and her infant. This report supports the early use of TPN in pregnancy complicated by inadequate caloric intake.

Estudios clínicos y epidemiológicos de la enfermedad de Chagas en Oaxaca, México, y un estudio complementario de siete años: 1. Cerro del Aire / Clinical and epidemiologic studies of Chagas' disease in rural communities in Oaxaca state, Mexico, and a seven year follow-up: 1. Cerro del Aire

Las encuestas serológicas realizadas en 1971 en el estado de Oaxaca, México, revelaron niveles desusadamente altos de anticuerpos a Trypanosoma cruzi, agente de la enfermedad de Chagas, en ciertas comunidades. En Cerro del Aire resultaron positivas 76 por ciento de las 248 personas mayores de 20 años sometidas a pruebas serológicas. Sin embargo, solo 2 por ciento de los menores de 10 años dieron resultados seropositivos y la ausencia del vector indicó que la infección no se había transmitido en esa comunidad por un período de cerca de 10 años. En 1973 y 1980 se emprendieron nuevos estudios con fines de: 1) determinar los efectos patológicos de la infección en el hombre; 2) investigar la historia natural de la enfermedad; 3) comprobar que las personas con reacciones serológicas positivas eran parasitológicamente positivas, y 4) comparar los métodos de aislamiento de T. cruzi

De los 237 habitantes de Cerro del Aire (124 eran menores de 16 años) que se sometieron a la prueba de hemaglutinación directa y fijación del complemento en 1980, 35 por ciento fueron seropositivos. Los exámenes clínicos y electrocardiográficos mostraron diferencias significativas entre 111 personas seropositivas y 65 seronegativas... (AU)

Estudios clínicos y epidemiológicos de la enfermedad de Chagas en Oaxaca, México, y un estudio complementario de siete años: 1. Cerro del Aire / Clinical and epidemiological studies of Chagas' disease in Oaxaca, México, and a 7-year follow-up: Cerro del Aire

Las encuestas serológicas realizadas en 1971 en el estado de Oaxaca, México, revelaron niveles desusadamente altos de anticuerpos a Trypanosoma cruzi, agente de la enfermedad de Chagas, en ciertas comunidades. En Cerro del Aire resultaron positivas 76% de las 248 personas mayores de 20 años sometidas a pruebas serológicas. Sin embargo, solo 2% de los menores de 10 años dieron resultados seropositivos y la ausencia del vector indicó que la infección no se había transmitido en esa comunidad por un período de cerca de 10 años. En 1973 y 1980 se emprendieron nuevos estudios con fines de: 1) determinar los efectos patológicos de la infección en el hombre; 2) investigar la historia natural de la enfermedad; 3) comprobar que las personas con reacciones serológicas positivas eran parasitológicamente positivas, y 4) comparar los métodos de aislamiento de T. cruzi. De los 237 habitantes de Cerro del Aire (124 eran menores de 16 años) que se sometieron a las pruebas de hemaglutinación indirecta, aglutinación directa y fijación del complemento en 1980, 35% fueron seropositivos. Los exámenes clínicos y electrocardiográficos mostraron diferencias significativas entre 111 personas seropositivas y 65 seronegativas. Los sujetos seropositivos que proporcionaron sus historiales clínicos notificaron lesiones tipo chagoma o Romaña con más frecuencia que los seronegativos (p<0,02). Las diferencias también fueron significativas respecto de los dolores precordiales (p<0,05) y palpitaciones (p<0,02). Los electrocardiogramas revelaron uno o más tipos de anormalidades en 46% de los sujetos seropositivos, pero solo en 22% de los seronegativos (p<0,005). El bloqueo de rama derecha se presentó en 12% de los seropositivos y en 2% de los seronegativos (p<0,02), y las extrasístoles ventriculares en 6% de seropositivos y en ninguno de los seronegativos (p<0,05)...

Isolated aortocoronary bypass operations in patients over 70 years of age.

The early and late morbidity, mortality and beneficial effects of isolated aortocoronary bypass operations in a group of 35 patients 70 years old or older were compared with those factors in patients 50 to 59 years old. The patients in both groups were matched according to the year in which the operation was done and the number of vessels bypassed. Left ventricular function, estimated by the angiographically calculated ejection fraction, was not statistically different in the two groups. Cardiac index, while adequate in both groups, was significantly lower in the older age group. Comparisons were made of "early" events, such as perioperative myocardial infarction, perioperative death and length of post-operative hospital stay; and of "late" events, including myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, congestive heart failure and death, which occurred after patients were discharged from the hospital. The mean length of follow-up of patients was similar in both groups. In comparing early events in the two groups, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of perioperative myocardial infarction, perioperative mortality or mean length of postoperative hospital stays. With regard to late events, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidences of myocardial infarction, angina pectoris or mortality.