Communal action of microbial cultures for Red HE3B degradation.

The consortium PMB11 consisting of three bacterial species, originally isolated from dye contaminated soil was identified as Bacillus odysseyi SUK3, Morganella morganii SUK5 and Proteus sp. SUK7. The consortium possessed the ability to decolorize various textile dyes as well as mixtures of dyes. PMB11 could decolorize Red HE3B (50 mg l(-1)) with 99% of decolorization within 12 h in nutrient broth, while in mineral medium it could decolorize up to 97% within 24h. Induction in the activities of various oxidative and reductive enzymes indicates the involvement of these enzymes in decolorization. Biodegradation of the dye was monitored using UV-vis spectroscopy, HPLC and FTIR analysis. The Red HE3B degradation pathway was proposed by GC-MS analysis. Various metabolites formed after the degradation were identified as 2,5-diaminobenzene 6-aminotriazine, aniline 2-sulfate, aniline 3-sulfate, 2-amino 5-chlorotriazine and naphthalene. Phytotoxicity studies revealed that metabolites formed after degradation were significantly less toxic in nature.

Extraction and spectrophotometric determination of cobalt(II) with isonitroso-5-methyl-2-hexanone.

A simple and selective method is proposed for the extraction of cobalt(II) for its spectrophotometric determination using (HIMH) as an extractant. Cobalt(II) forms a yellow coloured complex with HIMH which can be extracted into chloroform. The calibration curve is rectilinear in the concentration range 0.1-5.0 mug ml(-1) of cobalt(II). The extracted species shows an absorption maximum at 400 nm with molar absorptivity of 1.135x10(4) l mol(-1) cm(-1). The method has been applied for the determination of cobalt in synthetic mixtures, pharmaceutical, biological and high speed steel samples.

Benzeneacetaldehyde-4-hydroxy-alpha-oxo-aldoxime as a new analytical reagent for the spectrophotometric determination of cobalt.

Benzeneacetaldehyde-4-hydroxy-alpha-oxo-aldoxime is proposed as a new sensitive and selective reagent for the spectrophotometric determination of cobalt. The reagent reacts with cobalt in the pH range 8.6-9.4 to form a yellow colored 1:3 chelate which is very well extracted in chloroform. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range 0.05-1.3 mug ml(-1) cobalt. The molar absorptivity of the extracted species is 2.746x10(4) l mol(-1) cm(-1) at 390 nm. The proposed method is highly sensitive, selective, simple, rapid, accurate and has been satisfactorily applied for the determination of cobalt in synthetic mixtures, pharmaceutical samples, biological samples and alloys.