Arteriovenous Malformation of Face.

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare congenital vascular malformations accounting only 1.5% of all vascular anomalies with 50% occurrence in the oral and maxillofacial region. It usually results from birth defects of the vasculature. A literature search revealed only few case reports of AVMs in the facial region. Lack of meticulous diagnosis, scarcity of knowledge, and paucity of literature can result in their exsanguinations leading to fatal hemorrhagic incidents after various dental procedures such as tooth extraction, surgical intervention, puncture wound, or blunt injury in involved area. The present case describes the accidental diagnosis of asymptomatic high-flow AVMs in the facial region of pediatric patient reported primarily for the treatment of periapical abscess. This case report is unique because although there was no history of bleeding episodes, thorough examination and investigations diagnosed it as high-flow vascular malformation. It is important for the dental practitioner to be aware of AVM which may be present in the head and neck region that can produce fatal bleeding episodes during various dental procedures. Proper diagnosis of AVMs through complete history, precise clinical examination, and advanced imaging modalities can help in preventing serious life-threatening complications.

Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome in Indian patients: a clinical and radiological study of 6 cases and review of literature.

OBJECTIVE: Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) is rarely reported in the Indian population. We present the clinical and radiological features of 6 cases of NBCCS in Indian patients. STUDY DESIGN: The clinical and radiological features of 6 cases of NBCCS were characterized into major and minor criteria and compared with features reported in Indian patients and in patients from other parts of the world. RESULTS: The most common features seen were presence of multiple keratocystic odontogenic tumors, rib abnormalities, and calcification of falx cerebri. Talons cusp and supernumerary teeth are features not previously reported in association with NBCCS. Basal cell carcinoma was not seen in any patient. CONCLUSIONS: Combining the current series with 17 additional cases reported in Indian patients, it is evident that the frequency of clinical and radiological features in NBCCS in Indian patients differs from other ethnic groups.

Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma of maxilla: A rare case report

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (MC) is a rare variant of chondrosarcoma (CS) that accounts for upto 3-9% of allCS and has high predilection for the head and neck region. It is usually seen in younger age group compared toconventional CS and maxillary anterior alveolus is the most common site. The tumor is most unusual as it hasbeen described as a particularly aggressive neoplasm with a high tendency for late recurrence and delayed metastasis.It is a biphasic tumor with areas comprising of spindle cell mesenchyme interspread with areas of chondroiddifferentiation. A 75 year old male presented to us as a painless mass in maxilla. Contrast enhanced computedtomography (CECT) revealed a lytic expansile lesion in the left maxillary bone with foci of calcification withinsoft tissue lesion. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and incisional biopsy was performed which confirmedthe diagnosis of maxillary MC. The patient underwent right and left subtotal maxillectomy with 2 cm margins.The review of literature shows that very few cases of maxillary MC have been reported so far. Thus an attempt ismade to add this rare case of MC of maxillary alveolus in the English literature (AU)

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of maxilla: a rare case report.

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (MC) is a rare variant of chondrosarcoma (CS) that accounts for upto 3-9% of all CS and has high predilection for the head and neck region. It is usually seen in younger age group compared to conventional CS and maxillary anterior alveolus is the most common site. The tumor is most unusual as it has been described as a particularly aggressive neoplasm with a high tendency for late recurrence and delayed metastasis. It is a biphasic tumor with areas comprising of spindle cell mesenchyme interspread with areas of chondroid differentiation. A 75 year old male presented to us as a painless mass in maxilla. Contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) revealed a lytic expansile lesion in the left maxillary bone with foci of calcification within soft tissue lesion. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and incisional biopsy was performed which confirmed the diagnosis of maxillary MC. The patient underwent right and left subtotal maxillectomy with 2 cm margins. The review of literature shows that very few cases of maxillary MC have been reported so far. Thus an attempt is made to add this rare case of MC of maxillary alveolus in the English literature.