Frailty in patients over 65 years of age admitted to Intensive Care Units (FRAIL-ICU). / Fragilidad en pacientes mayores de 65 años ingresados en cuidados intensivos (FRAIL-ICU).

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of frailty in patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and its impact upon ICU mortality at 1 and 6 months. DESIGN: A prospective observational cohort study was carried out. SETTING: Spanish ICU. INTERVENTION: None. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients≥65 years of age admitted to the ICU for>24hours. Variables were registered upon admission, and functional status was assessed by telephone calls 1 and 6 months after discharge from the ICU. MAIN STUDY VARIABLES: Age, gender, frailty (FRAIL scale), functional status (Barthel, Lawton, Clinical Dementia Rating and NUTRIC score), days of mechanical ventilation (MV), functional score (APACHE II and SOFA), ICU mortality, and mortality 1 and 6 months after ICU discharge. RESULTS: A total of 132 patients were evaluated, of which 46 were frail (34.9%). Age of the frail versus non-frail patients: 78.8±7.2 and 78.6±6.4 years, respectively (P=.43); male gender: 43.8% versus 56.3% (P=.10); SOFA score: 4.7±2.9 versus 4.6±2.9 (P=.75); MV: 33.3% versus 66.7% (P=.75); days of MV: 5.6±15 versus 4.3±8.1 (P=.57); ICU mortality 13% versus 6% (P = .14), mortality at 1 month 24% versus 8% (P = .01), mortality 6 months 32% versus 15% (P = .03). Frailty is associated with mortality at one month (OR = 3.5, P <.05, 95% CI (1.22-10.03) and at 6 months after discharge from the ICU (OR = 2.62, P <.05, 95% CI (1.04-6.56). CONCLUSIONS: Frailty was present in 35% of the patients admitted to the ICU, and was associated with mortality.

Patients with aortic stenosis referred for TAVI: treatment decision, in-hospital outcome and determinants of survival.

AIMS: To assess treatment decision and outcome in patients referred for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in addition to predictive factors of mortality after TAVI. METHODS: Three-centre prospective observational study including 358 patients. Endpoints were defined according to the Valve Academic Research Consortium. RESULTS: Of the 358 patients referred for TAVI, TAVI was performed in 235 patients (65%), surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR) in 24 (7%) and medical therapy (MT) in 99 (28%). Reasons to decline TAVI in favour of AVR/MT were patient preference (29%), peripheral vascular disease (15%) and non-severe aortic stenosis (11%). The logistic EuroSCORE was significantly higher in patients who underwent TAVI and MT in comparison with those undergoing AVR (19 vs. 10%, p = 0.007). At 30 days, all-cause mortality and the combined safety endpoint were 9 and 24% after TAVI and 8 and 25% after AVR, respectively. All-cause mortality was significantly lower in the TAVI group compared with the MT group at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years (12% vs. 22%, 21% vs. 33% and 31% vs. 55%, respectively, p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis revealed that blood transfusion (HR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.05-1.33), pre-existing renal failure (HR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.06-1.33) and STS score (HR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.02-1.10) were independent predictors of mortality at a median of 10 (IQR: 3-23) months after TAVI. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately two-thirds of the patients referred for TAVI receive this treatment with gratifying short- and long-term survival. Another 7% underwent AVR. Prognosis is poor in patients who do not receive valve replacement therapy.

Análisis fotoelástico descriptivo de dos diferentes diseños de implantes endoóseos sometidos a carga decompresión vertical / Descriptive photoelastical analysis of two different dental implants design submitted to vertical compression load

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la distribución de las tensiones generadas en los modelos fotoelásticos posterior a la aplicación de cargas verticales a 7,5 N, en dos diferentes diseños de implantes endoóseos. Fueron seleccionados 2 implantes con diferentes configuraciones: Implante(Máster Conect Cônico® 4,13×13 mm) e Implante (Titamax Ti Medula® 3,75×13 mm). Para el análisis de la distribución de tensiones fueron confeccionados 2 modelos en resinas fotoelástica con dimensiones de 40×10 mm de base y 30 mm de altura. Cada implante posicionado en los modelos recibieron carga vertical a 7,5 N, siendo posible visualizar las franjas isocromáticas generadas en los modelos, a través del polariscopio. El implante Máster Conect Cônico® con hexágono interno largo, porción cervical pulida, tope de las roscas redondeadas, pasos de las roscas continuas, distancia entre estas de 0,5 décimas de milímetros, espirales angulados y ápice cónico presento concentración de las tensiones en la región apical. El implante cilíndrico, Titamax Ti Medula®, con hexágono externo, porción cervical pulida, con tope de las roscas en forma de v, paso de roscacontinuo, con distancia entre las roscas de 0.5 décimas de milímetros, espirales angulados y ápicere dondeado presento distribución de las tensiones en la región apical medio y cervical del implante. Basado en los resultados de este estudio puede concluirse que: el implante de configuración cónica concentró las tensiones en región apical, siendo que el implante de configuración cilíndrica concentro las tensiones en la región apical medio y cervical del implante (AU)

The objective of this study was to analyze the subsequent tensions distribution generated in the photoelastic models after application 7.5 N vertical loads, in two different dental implant designs. It were selected two different configuration implants, being one conic (Másters Conect Cônico®4.13×13 mm) and the other cylindrical (Titamax Ti Medula® 3.75×13 mm). For the analysis of the tensions distribution it were made two photoelastic resin models with dimensions of 40×10 mm of base and 30 mm of height. Each implant was positioned in the model and received vertical loads to7,5 N, being possible to visualize the isochromatic strips generated in it, through the polariscope. The Másters Conect Cônico® implants, that have long internal hexagon, polished cervical portion, top of spirals rounded, continuous passage of the spirals, distances between these of 0.5 tenth of millimeters, angled spirals and conical apex, presented the concentration of the tensions in the apical region. The cylindrical implants (Titamax Ti Medula®) with external hexagon, polished cervical portion, with top of the spirals in form of a “v”, continuous passage of spiral, with distance between the spirals of 0,5 tenth of millimeters, angled spirals and rounded apex, presented the distribution of the tensions on apical and cervical regions of the implants. Based on the results of this study it is possible to conclude that: the conical implants configuration concentrated the tensions in apicalregion, being the cylindrical configuration tensions concentrated on the apical and cervical region of the implants (AU)

Fractura polifragmentaria bilateral de calcáneo tratada por el método Essex-Lopresti: reporte de un caso / Polifragmentaria bilateral of calcaneus fracture treated by Essex-Lopresti method: a case report

La fractura de calcáneo es la más frecuente del tarso; producidas por caída vertical sobre el talón, generalmente intraarticulares 6,3, asociadas a fracturas de columna y lesiones viscerales 1,2,3,6,7. El examen clínico debe complementarse con radiografías. El tratamiento puede ser cerrado, reducción incruenta con o sin fijación y reducción abierta y fijación interna. Las fracturas intraarticulares producen incapacidad. Se presenta paciente masculino de 42 años, posterior a caída de 3 metros de altura, de pie, presenta factura polifragmentaria de ambos calcáneos y de astrágalo derecho. Se realizó reducción incruenta (Método Essex-Lopresti). Obteniéndose consolidación e integridad sin secuelas postraumáticas.

Incidencia de traumatismo facial en pacientes adultos del Hospital Dr. Patrocinio Peñuela Ruíz, San Cristóbal-Estado Táchira: entre los años 2003 y 2007 / Incidence of facial trauma in adult patients of the Hospital Dr. Patrocinio Peñuela Ruíz: San Cristobal-Táchira State: between 2003 and 2007

El objetivo principal con el que se realiza la presente investigación es conocer la incidencia de traumatismo facial en pacientes adultos del Hospital Dr. Patrocinio Peñuela Ruíz, San Cristóbal-Edo. Táchira entre los años 2003 y 2007, así mismo entre los objetivos específicos se encuentran investigar el/o los grupos etéreos principales afectados, conocer la distribución de pacientes por sexo , determinar las etiologías del traumatismo facial en los pacientes estudiados, identificar los hallazgos al examen físico de ingreso a nivel facial en la población afectada, conocer cuáles otros segmentos corporales de los pacientes es estudio presentaron alteración, además determinar el número de pacientes en los cuales se mantuvo una conducta conservadora y aquellos en los cuales se necesita el abordaje quirúrgico. El presente estudio corresponde a una investigación de tipo retrospectivo , observacional, no experimental; para la realización de éste se emplearon historias clínicas de donde se obtuvieron los datos necesarios. Entre los hallazgos más importantes se encontró que la mayoría de los pacientes afectados son hombres entre 21 y 40 años de edad, se trasladaron en moto, los cuales al momento de sufrir traumatismo facial presentando la mitad de ellos traumatismo craneoencefálico leve concomitante y la mayoría de los mismos traumatismo abdominal cerrado; de igual forma en la mayor parte de los pacientes no fue necesario implementar una conducta quirúrgica, lo cual permitió el egreso de la mayoría en un lapso menor de una semana.

Desipramine or glutamate antagonists synergized the antidepressant-like actions of intra-nucleus accumbens infusions of minocycline in male Wistar rats.

Minocycline produces antidepressant-like actions in male rats tested in the forced swimming test (FST) and synergizes with several glutamate receptor antagonists. However, the limbic regions implicated in the antidepressant-like actions of minocycline are unknown. The objective of the present study was to test the potential antidepressant activity of nucleus accumbens infusions of minocycline alone or combined with antidepressant drugs or with several glutamate receptor antagonists, using the time-sampling method in the FST. The results show that intra-NAcc infusions of minocycline reduced immobility (1.0 microg, P<0.05; 1.5 microg, P<0.05) by increasing climbing (1.0 microg, P<0.05; 1.5 microg, P<0.05) in the FST. Likewise, systemic injections of desipramine (P<0.05), fluoxetine (P<0.05) or several glutamate receptor antagonists: EMQMCM (P<0.05), MTEP (P<0.05) or dizocilpine (P<0.05) combined with intra-nucleus accumbens infusions of vehicle produced antidepressant-like actions. The subthreshold dose of intra-nucleus accumbens infusions of minocycline combined with systemic injections of subthreshold doses of desipramine (P<0.05) or EMQMCM (P<0.05) or MTEP (P<0.05) or dizocilpine (P<0.05) produced antidepressant-like actions. It is concluded that intra-NAcc infusions of minocycline alone or combined with systemic injections of desipramine or with systemic injections of several glutamate receptor antagonists produced antidepressant-like actions in the FST.

Fibrohistiocitoma maligno (fibroxantosarcoma) de cuero cabelludo: a propósito de un caso / Histiocytoma malignant fibrous (Fibroxantosarcoma) of scalp: a purpose of a case

Los tejidos blandos comprenden los músculos, tendones, la grasa, el tejido fibroso, el tejido sinovial, los vasos y los nervios. Alrededor del 60 por ciento de los sarcomas de tejidos blandos se originan en los miembros, siendo 3 veces más frecuentes en los miembros inferiores que en los superiores. En 30 por ciento de los casos se localiza en el tronco y en 40 por ciento son retroperitoneales. En el resto del 10 por ciento se trata de tumores de cabeza y cuello. La entidad denominada fibrohistiocitoma comprenden un gran número de tumores calcificados anteriormente como fibrosarcomas o como variedades polimorfas de otras sarcomas, y se caracteriza por una mezcla de células fusiformes (fibrosas) y células redondas (histiocitarias) dispuestas en un patrón estoriforme, junto con abundantes células gigantes y zonas de polimorfismo. La importancia de los estudios de inmunohistoquímica en los tumores de partes blandas radica en la necesidad que tiene el patólogo de precisar el diagnóstico histopatológico de lesiones benignas y malignas pseudosarcomatosas o sarcomatosas y poder diferenciarlas de neoplasias de otro origen. Se trata de paciente masculino de 65 años quien consulta por presentar desde agosto del 2006, caracterizado por lesiones ulcerosa en cuero cabelludo sangrantes quién se le tomo una primera biopsia que reporta. La nueva Biopsia tomada en enero en este centro reporta Carcinoma Epidermoide moderadamente a poco diferenciado en región fronto parietal de cuero cabelludo recibe 1 ciclo de quimioterapia, se toma una biopsia nueva reportando su inmunohistoquímica Fibrohistiocitoma Maligno (fibroxantosarcoma)/Tumor de Cuero Cabelludo, en vista de resultado se planifica nueva quimioterapia, se observo mejoría satisfactoria en la lesión en cuero cabelludo, por lo que decide oncología y el servicio de Medicina Interna dar de alta y seguir sus quimioterapias por consulta externa.

Síndrome de Rendu Osler Weber o telangiectasia hemorrágica hereditaria: presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Rendu Osler Weber syndrome or hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: case report and literature review

Paciente femenina de 57 años portadora de Telagiectasia hemorragia hereditaria con antecedentes de padre y dos hermanos portadores de igual patología. Enfermedad genética con transmisión dominante caracterizada por telangiectasias (malformaciones vasculares pequeñas) en la piel y en el revestimiento de las mucosas, epistaxis y malformaciones arteriovenosas en varios órganos internos incluyendo cerebro y pulmones. En 1909, Hanes le da el nombre de HHT. En 1999 se definió los criterios diagnósticos: epistaxis, Telangiectasias, lesiones viscerales, historia familiar. Se han descrito cuatro tipos: HHT1, HHT2, HHT3, poliposis juvenil y HHT4. El TGFâ-1 ha sido más comúmente en su fisiopatología.

Niveles de hemoglobina glicosilada como predictor de control metabólico: en diabéticos que acudieron al Hospital "Dr. Patrocinio Peñuela Ruíz" y consulta privada San Cristóbal, estado Táchira: marzo-mayo 2007 / Hemoglobin glycosylated levels as a predictor of metabolic control: in diabetics attending the Hospital Dr. Patrocinio Peñuela Ruíz and private consultation San Cristobal, state Táchira: march-may 2007

Se determinaron niveles de hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c) como parámetro de control metabólico en diabéticos hospitalizados o en consulta en el Hospital del Seguro Social y medio privado, como parte de estudio multicentrico de OMS para conocer este parámetro en los venezolanos. Se analizó el número de diabéticos atendidos, los niveles de HbA1c, sexo, tipo de tratamiento e índice de masa corporal (IMC). Se atendieron 124 diabeticos, 48 hombres (38,70 por ciento) y 76 mujeres (61,29 por ciento), 7 eran diabéticos tipo 1 y 117 diabéticos tipo 2, encontrándose niveles promedio HbA1c 8,5 por ciento, IMC 29,7. Se concluye que el análisis de HbA1c permite evaluar el control metabólico de los pacientes diabéticos, evidenciándose mal control en el grupo estudiado. Se hace necesario ajustes en estrategias de control en estos pacientes.

Bifosfonatos asociado a osteonecrosis de los maxilares. Revisión de la literatura / Bisphosphonate related to osteonecrosis of the jaws. Literature review

Los bifosfonatos son una familia de drogas usadas comúnmente en el tratamiento de alteraciones óseas causadas principalmente por tumores malignos y osteoporosis. En el año 2003 fue relatado el primer caso de osteonecrosis de los maxilares asociado al uso de bifosfonatos. Esta condición patológica presenta un mal pronóstico y una incidencia creciente. El objetivo de este artículo es orientar a los cirujanos dentistas sobre los factores causales y formas de tratamiento de dicha alteración (AU)

The bisphosphonates are a family of drugs commonly used for treatment of bone changes caused mainly by malignant neoplasias and osteoporosis. In 2003 was described the first bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis of the jaws, whose causes are still unknown. This pathologic condition has a bad prognosis and an increasing incidence. The aim of this work is to advice, is about the etiologic factors and treatment options for this alteration (AU)

Antidepressant-like actions of minocycline combined with several glutamate antagonists.

This study tested the potential antidepressant activity of minocycline alone or combined with two traditional antidepressant drugs or several glutamate receptor antagonists, using the time sampling method in the forced swimming test. Results showed that: desipramine (10.0 mg/kg, P<0.05; 15.0 mg/kg, P<0.05), minocycline (60.0 mg/kg, P<0.05; 80.0 mg/kg, P<0.05) and EMQMCM (1.5 mg/kg, P<0.05; 2.0 mg/kg, P<0.05), reduced immobility by increasing climbing. Fluoxetine (20.0 mg/kg, P<0.05; 25.0 mg/kg, P<0.05) reduced immobility by increasing swimming. MTEP (5.0 mg/kg, P<0.05; 10.0 mg/kg, P<0.05) and dizolcipine (1.0 mg/kg, P<0.05; 1.5 mg/kg, P<0.05) reduced immobility by increasing swimming and climbing. Combination experiments showed that a subthreshold dose of minocycline (50.0 mg/kg) synergized the antidepressant-like actions of subthreshold doses of: desipramine (5.0 mg/kg; P<0.05), EMQMCM (0.6 mg/kg; P<0.05), MTEP (2.5 mg/kg; P<0.05) and dizolcipine (0.5 mg/kg; P<0.05). In conclusion, minocycline produced antidepressant-like actions in the FST and subthreshold dose of minocycline combined with subthreshold dose of desipramine and several glutamate receptor antagonists and produced antidepressant-like actions.

Extraintestinal spread and replication of a homologous EC rotavirus strain and a heterologous rhesus rotavirus in BALB/c mice.

Although rotavirus infection has generally been felt to be restricted to the gastrointestinal tract, over the last two decades there have been sporadic reports of children with acute or fatal cases of rotavirus gastroenteritis testing positive for rotavirus antigen and/or nucleic acid in various extraintestinal locations such as serum, liver, kidney, bladder, testes, nasal secretions, cerebrospinal fluid, and the central nervous system. Recently, studies in animals and people have demonstrated that rotavirus antigenemia is a common event during natural infection. In this study, we extend these observations and compare the intestinal and extraintestinal spread of wild-type homologous murine rotavirus EC and a heterologous strain, rhesus rotavirus (RRV), in newborn mice. A strand-specific quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (ssQRT-PCR) assay was used to quantify the ability of different rotavirus strains to spread and replicate extraintestinally. Both strain EC and RRV were detected extraintestinally in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), livers, lungs, blood, and kidneys. Extraintestinal replication, as measured by ssQRT-PCR, was most prominent in the MLN and occurred to a lesser degree in the livers, kidneys, and lungs. In the MLN, strain EC and RRV had similar (P < 0.05) RNA copy numbers, although EC was present at a 10,000-fold excess over RRV in the small intestine. Rotavirus nonstructural protein 4 (NSP4) and/or assembled triple-layered particles, indicated by immunostaining with the VP7 conformation-dependent monoclonal antibody 159, were detected in the MLN, lungs, and livers of EC- and RRV-inoculated mice, confirming the ssQRT-PCR findings. Infectious RRV was detected in the MLN in quantities exceeding the amount present in the small intestines or blood. The cells in the MLN that supported rotavirus replication included dendritic cells and potentially B cells and macrophages. These data indicate that extraintestinal spread and replication occurs commonly during homologous and some heterologous rotaviral infections; that the substantial host range restrictions for rhesus rotavirus, a heterologous strain present in the intestine, are not necessarily apparent at systemic sites; that the level and location of extraintestinal replication varies between strains; that replication can occur in several leukocytes subsets; and that extraintestinal replication is likely a part of the normal pathogenic sequence of homologous rotavirus infection.

Survey of drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 3 Mexican states, 1997.

BACKGROUND: Drug resistance threatens global tuberculosis (TB) control efforts. Population-based estimates of drug resistance are needed to develop strategies for controlling drug-resistant TB in Mexico. OBJECTIVE: To obtain population-based data on Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance in Mexico. METHODS: To obtain drug resistance data, we conducted a population-based study of TB cases in the states of Baja California, Sinaloa, and Oaxaca, Mexico. We performed cultures and drug susceptibility testing on M tuberculosis isolates from patients with newly diagnosed, smear-positive TB from April 1 to October 31, 1997. RESULTS: Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated from 460 (75%) of the 614 patients. Levels of resistance in new and retreatment TB cases to 1 or more of the 3 current first-line drugs used in Mexico (isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide) were 12.9% and 50.5%, respectively; the corresponding levels of multi-drug-resistant TB were 2.4% and 22.4%. Retreatment cases were significantly more likely than new cases to have isolates resistant to 1 or more of the 3 first-line drugs (relative risk [RR], 3.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.8-5.5), to have isoniazid resistance (RR, 3.6; 95% CI, 2.5-5.2), and to have multi-drug-resistant TB (RR, 9.4; 95% CI, 4.3-20.2). CONCLUSIONS: This population-based study of M tuberculosis demonstrates moderately high levels of drug resistance. Important issues to consider in the national strategy to prevent M tuberculosis resistance in Mexico include consideration of the most appropriate initial therapy in patients with TB, the treatment of patients with multiple drug resistance, and surveillance or periodic surveys of resistance among new TB patients to monitor drug resistance trends.

[Postabortion intrauterine device]. / Dispositivo intrauterino postaborto.

PIP: 433 patients were selected by social workers for postpartum insertion of Lippes Loop. Of these only 261, or 60.27%, were available for followup 10 months after insertion. At that time, 177 patients, or 67.81%, were still wearing the IUD and were satisfied with it. 19, or 7.2%, expelled it, and 40, or 15.32% had it removed for different reasons, such as bleeding or pain. 11 patients asked for definitive contraception, and 14, or 5.36%, became pregnant with the device in situ, a percentage certainly higher than that of 1.9% reported by other authors.^ieng