Comparative Effect of Graded Motor Imagery and Progressive Muscle Relaxation on Mobility and Function in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Pilot Study.

BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common musculoskeletal condition seen in aging. Joint destruction, chronic pain, change in proprioception, stability problems and decreased range of motion are the most common problems seen in OA. Complementary therapies like yoga, graded motor imagery (GMI), progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) and Tai Chi are more effective in chronic conditions such as knee OA. AIMS: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of graded motor imagery and progressive muscle relaxation on mobility and function in patients with knee OA. METHODS: This study was a randomized controlled pilot trial conducted in a tertiary health center in Belagavi, Karnataka, India. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 11 patients with unilateral knee pain persisting for more than 12 months were included in the study. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomly assigned to 2 groups: the PMR group (n = 5) or the (GMI) group (n = 6). Patients in the PMR group practiced Jacobson's PMR and patients in the GMI group practiced explicit and mirror therapy. All patients were treated 5 times a week for 2 weeks. OUTCOME MEASURES: The outcome measures in this study were range of motion and the Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score for assessing knee joint pain, function and stiffness. RESULTS: Results demonstrated knee flexion range (P = .046) and function WOMAC scores (P = .0062) were significantly better in the GMI group than in the PMR group. CONCLUSION: GMI and PMR were both beneficial for knee mobility and function but GMI was better than PMR in chronic knee OA.

Prevalence and Distribution of Selected Dental Anomalies in the Patients Reporting to Dental Institute, RIMS, Ranchi.

AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of developmental dental anomalies in the East Indian subpopulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was based on clinical examination, evaluation of dental casts, and radiographs of 2385 Indian patients (1169 males and 1216 females), who visited Dental Institute, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi. These patients were examined for shape anomalies, number anomalies, structural anomalies, and positional anomalies. RESULTS: It was observed that 5.83% of patients reported with a dental anomaly. Males reported with higher incidence with a male-to-female ratio of 1: 0.96. Microdontia was the most common anomaly. Unilateral microdontia was more common than bilateral and was more prominent in males (9.05%). It was observed that peg laterals were frequently encountered developmental anomaly at 1.34%, while the incidence of amelogenesis imperfecta and dentinogenesis imperfecta was 0.29% and 0.33%, respectively. The present demography reported a very low incidence of dens, fusion, hyperdontia, hypodontia, and macrodontia at <0.01%, whereas anomalies such as transportation, transmigration, and hypodontia of the maxillary molar reported no prevalence. CONCLUSION: The percentage of dental anomalies although low should be treated as soon as possible to avoid further complications. The results of our study can serve as an indicator to ascertain the pattern of dental anomalies in Jharkhand. This might help to plan the dental treatment of the community.