Non-Union Treatment in the Foot, Ankle, and Lower Leg: A Multicenter Retrospective Study Comparing Conventional Treatment with the Human Allogeneic Cortical Bone Screw (Shark Screw®).

Addressing non-unions involves stabilizing the affected area through osteosynthesis and improving bone biology using bone grafts. However, there is no consensus on the optimal treatment method. This study aims to compare outcomes of non-union surgery using conventional treatment methods (metal hardware ± graft) versus osteosynthesis with the human allogeneic cortical bone screw (Shark Screw®) alone or in combination with a metallic plate. Thirty-four patients underwent conventional treatment, while twenty-eight cases received one or more Shark Screws®. Patient demographics, bone healing, time to bone healing, and complications were assessed. Results revealed a healing rate of 96.4% for the Shark Screw® group, compared to 82.3% for the conventionally treated group. The Shark Screw® group exhibited a tendency for faster bone healing (9.4 ± 3.2 vs. 12.9 ± 8.5 weeks, p = 0.05061). Hardware irritations led to six metal removals in the conventional group versus two in the Shark Screw® group. The Shark Screw® emerges as a promising option for personalized non-union treatment in the foot, ankle, and select lower leg cases, facilitating effective osteosynthesis and grafting within a single construct and promoting high union rates, low complications, and a rapid healing process.

Automatic gap detection at restoration margins with an optical sensor in vitro.

PURPOSE: To develop and validate a software program which automatically detects gaps of cylindrical fillings in bovine dentin by using an optical sensor (FRT MicroProf), evaluate 8 different adhesive systems with the defined parameters, and compare the results with that of SEM quantitative marginal analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An optical measuring head with strong wavelength dependency on its focal length splits white light into its colors. The surface height can be measured from the wavelength of the reflected light (resolution: x/y 1 to 2 microm, z 10 nm). A profile of the surface is taken by scanning the measuring point radially from the center of the filling over the restoration margins. An algorithm detects gaps and calculates their depths and widths. Eight adhesive systems (AdheSE, Clearfil SE, Excite, iBond, Optibond Solo Plus, Prompt L-Pop, Touch and Bond, Xeno III) were applied in cylindrical cavities (n = 8, ø = 4 mm, depth 2.5 mm, C-factor 3.5) in bovine dentin together with Tetric Ceram. In the control group, no adhesive system was used. After 24 h of storage in distilled water at 37 degrees C, the surface was polished with 4000-grit abrasive paper, and then epoxy resin replicas were produced. The evaluation criteria were as follows: the percentage of continuous margin along the entire margin (SEM, 500X) and the percentage of gap-free profiles to total profiles (FRT MicroProf), the latter being evaluated by using 100, 300 and 1000 profiles per sample. Two groups (Touch and Bond, Optibond Solo Plus) with 16 samples were selected to evaluate reproducibility and the occurrence of voids adjacent to the restoration margins. For each adhesive, a paired t-test was applied to evaluate the differences between both test methods for each adhesive. A linear regression analysis procedure was used to evaluate the overall agreement between the two test methods. RESULTS: The mean deviation between three consecutive measurements was 2.75%. Ten percent of all profiles showed voids adjacent to the restoration margins; 92% of the voids were excluded by setting the threshold value of the gap width at 20 microm. In less than 1% of the profiles, the concurrent presence of gap and void resulted in the nondetection of gaps. It was found that 100 profiles per sample are sufficient to characterize a sample as compared to SEM analysis. Except for the control group, the paired t-test did not reveal any statistically significant difference between the two test methods for either adhesive (p < 0.05). Regression analysis for all 72 data points yielded R2 = 0.72 (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The results of the quantitative marginal analysis by means of the FRT optical sensor are comparable to those obtained by SEM. The advantages of this method include (1) saving of operator time, (2) independence of operator's experience and bias, and (3) additional information about the gap width and depth.

Cryogenic far-infrared laser absorptivity measurements of the Herschel Space Observatory telescope mirror coatings.

Far-infrared laser calorimetry was used to measure the absorptivity, and thus the emissivity, of aluminum-coated silicon carbide mirror samples produced during the coating qualification run of the Herschel Space Observatory telescope to be launched by the European Space Agency in 2007. The samples were measured at 77 K to simulate the operating temperature of the telescope in its planned orbit about the second Lagrangian point, L2, of the Earth-Sun system. Together, the telescope's equilibrium temperature in space and the emissivity of the mirror surfaces will determine the far-infrared-submillimeter background and thus the sensitivity of two of the three astronomical instruments aboard the observatory if stray-light levels can be kept low relative to the mirror emission. Absorptivities of both clean and dust-contaminated samples were measured at 70, 118, 184, and 496 microm. Theoretical fits to the data predict absorptivities of 0.2-0.4% for the clean sample and 0.2-0.8% for the dusty sample, over the spectral range of the Herschel Space Observatory instruments.