RESUMO
The sedative and immobilizing effects of the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist medetomidine alone or combined with the dissociative anesthetic ketamine, were studied in blue foxes. Medetomidine at doses of 25 and 50 micrograms/kg induced moderate to deep sedation, but only with the highest medetomidine dose tested, 100 micrograms/kg, was the immobilization complete. Medetomidine 50 micrograms/kg combined with ketamine 2.5 mg/kg rapidly induced complete immobilization, characterized by good myorelaxation, and no clinically significant alterations in serially determined hematologic and serum chemistry parameters. The alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist atipamezole effectively reversed the medetomidine- or medetomidine-ketamine-induced immobilizations. A transient increase in heart rates was noted after each atipamezole injection.
Assuntos
Raposas/fisiologia , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/farmacologia , Imidazóis/farmacologia , Imobilização , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos alfa/farmacologia , Animais , Feminino , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/antagonistas & inibidores , Imidazóis/antagonistas & inibidores , Ketamina/farmacologia , Masculino , MedetomidinaRESUMO
The effects of medetomidine and ketamine by subsequent or simultaneous in injections were studied. ECG, arterial blood gas analyses and mean arterial pressure measurements were done periodically during the 60 min monitoring period. Medetomidine and ketamine induced deep sedation that proved useful for minor operations in clinical work.
Assuntos
Agonistas alfa-Adrenérgicos/farmacologia , Hipnóticos e Sedativos , Imidazóis/farmacologia , Ketamina/farmacologia , Animais , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto/veterinária , Cães , Feminino , Hemodinâmica/efeitos dos fármacos , Imidazóis/administração & dosagem , Ketamina/administração & dosagem , Medetomidina , Respiração/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Medetomidine, medetomidine-ketamine combinations and/or atipamezole were used during 240 immobilizations of 32 non-domestic animal species. Medetomidine-ketamine induced reliable immobilization with good physiological quality in a variety of species. Atipamezole was effective in reversing the medetomidine, medetomidine-ketamine or xylazine induced immobilization.
Assuntos
Agonistas alfa-Adrenérgicos/administração & dosagem , Animais de Zoológico , Imidazóis/administração & dosagem , Imobilização , Ketamina/administração & dosagem , Agonistas alfa-Adrenérgicos/efeitos adversos , Agonistas alfa-Adrenérgicos/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Imidazóis/efeitos adversos , Imidazóis/antagonistas & inibidores , Medetomidina , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
In this light microscopic study, the inhibitory effect of levamisole on the alkaline phosphatase of equine, bovine and rat neutrophilic leukocytes was examined histochemically, using 0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 mM levamisole in the incubation mixture. Levamisole proved to be a potent inhibitor of neutrophilic alkaline phasphatase already at very low concentrations. Statistically significant differences in the rate of inhibition of the enzyme were found between the species examined. Some observations of the eosinophils were also made; equine eosinophils were found to be considerably resistant towards alkaline phosphatase inhibition with levamisole at the concentrations used.
