Observational Molecular Case-Control Study of Genetic Polymorphisms 1 in Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus

Background: The association between programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) variations and susceptibility to autoimmune diseases has been recurrently reported. However, there is no report about its relationship with oral lichen planus (OLP) as one of autoimmune diseases. Methods: We investigated the association between genetic predisposition to OLP and two single nucleotide polymorphisms in PD-1. Results: GG, GA, and AA genotypes at position +7146 were found in 59 (80.8 %), 10 (13.7 %), and 4 (5.5 %) patients, and in 132 (77 %), 34 (20 %), and 5 (3 %) healthy participants. CC, CT, and TT genotypes at position +7785 were found in 32 (43.8 %), 35 (47.9 %), and 6 (8.2 %) patients and in 99 (58 %), 66 (39 %), and 6 (3 %) controls. Analysis indicated that patients' genotypes were not statistically different from controls' genotypes at both positions +7146 (P = 0.35 and P = 0.98) and +7785 (P = 0.07 and P = 0.06). Conclusion: The findings indicated that PD-1 SNPs at +7146 [PD-1.3] G/A and +7785 [PD-1.5] C/T was not associated with susceptibility to OLP. However, further research with higher sample size and in different geographical regions is needed in order to achieve the generalizability of the findings.

Outcome of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy on Local Recurrence and Distant Metastasis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCH) is controversial in the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of NCH on OSCC prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHOD: In this retrospective cohort study, 94 patients were studied in two groups. The patients in group 1 received NCH before the surgery, and those in group 2 underwent resection without any chemotherapy prior to surgery. The employed NCH agents consisted of cisplatin in combination with 5-fluorouracil in two treatment courses. Tumor size, lymph node involvement, age, and follow-up time were considered as variable factors of the study. Local recurrence (LR) and distant metastasis (DM) were outcomes of the study. RESULTS: Comparison of LR and DM in various tumor sizes demonstrated no significant difference between the two groups (p> 0.05). Analysis of the data did not show any statistically significant difference between the groups for LR in subjects with N0, N1 and N2. Each one-year increase in age was associated with 10% increase in the hazard ratio (HR) (HR distance metastasis Y/N = 1.10, p= 0.05). In the same analysis, when considering LR as a dependent factor, LR risk in N2 was 3 times more than in N1 (p= 0.02). LR risk in N3 was 5 times more than in N1 [HR local recurrence (p= 0.006). CONCLUSION: Based on our results, neoadjuvant chemotherapy with combination of cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil may not improve prognosis of OSCC. However, further studies are suggested to assess other neoadjuvant chemotherapy protocols in OSCC patients.

In vitro comparison of cytotoxic and antibacterial effects of 16 commercial toothpastes.

BACKGROUND: Toothpastes are considered as one of the most common and usable cosmetic and hygienic materials. Such materials contain chemicals which may have an adverse effect on oral tissue in humans. The present study aimed to compare the toxic effect of current commercial toothpastes including Iranian products and imported types which are consumed globally on oral epithelial- and HeLa cells as well as to evaluate their antibacterial effect on Streptococcus mutans in Shiraz, Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this experimental study, 16 types of commercial toothpastes were prepared, and their effect was determined on primer epithelial cells of the oral cavity and HeLa cells. Toothpastes anti streptococcal property and toxicity were examined in vitro in different intervals of 1, 2, and 5 min. Data collection and analysis were done using one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS: All experimented toothpastes revealed variable toxic effects on cultured cells. Through an increase in the time of exposure with toothpastes, the toxicity of these materials substantially increased (P = 0.005). On the other hand, all tested toothpastes showed varying degrees of anti-streptococcal effect in the laboratory (P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The most cytotoxic effect on primer epithelial cells of oral mucosa and HeLa cells, respectively, belongs to Bath, Daroogar2, Latifeh2, Crend, Sehat, Nasim and Aqua fresh toothpastes; however, the least cytotoxic effect on primer epithelial cells of oral mucosa and HeLa cells, respectively, belongs to Pronamel followed by Crest (sensitive), Close-up, Oral-B, Signal, Colgate, Paradent, and AME.