Superior liver sparing by combined coplanar/noncoplanar volumetric-modulated arc therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: a planning and feasibility study.

Compared with step-and-shoot intensity-modulated radiotherapy (sIMRT) and tomotherapy, volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) allows additional arc configurations in treatment planning and noncoplanar (NC) delivery. This study was first to compare VMAT planning with sIMRT planning, and the second to evaluate the toxicity of coplanar (C)/NC-VMAT treatment in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Fifteen patients with HCC (7 with left-lobe and 8 with right-lobe tumors) were planned with C-VMAT, C/NC-VMAT, and sIMRT. The median total dose was 49Gy (range: 40 to 56Gy), whereas the median fractional dose was 3.5Gy (range: 3 to 8Gy). Different doses/fractionations were converted to normalized doses of 2Gy per fraction using an α/ß ratio of 2.5. The mean liver dose, volume fraction receiving more than 10Gy (V10), 20Gy (V20), 30Gy (V30), effective volume (Veff), and equivalent uniform dose (EUD) were compared. C/NC-VMAT in 6 patients was evaluated for delivery accuracy and treatment-related toxicity. Compared with sIMRT, both C-VMAT (p = 0.001) and C/NC-VMAT (p = 0.03) had significantly improved target conformity index. Compared with C-VMAT and sIMRT, C/NC-VMAT for treating left-lobe tumors provided significantly better liver sparing as evidenced by differences in mean liver dose (p = 0.03 and p = 0.007), V10 (p = 0.003 and p = 0.009), V20 (p = 0.006 and p = 0.01), V30 (p = 0.02 and p = 0.002), Veff (p = 0.006 and p = 0.001), and EUD (p = 0.04 and p = 0.003), respectively. For right-lobe tumors, there was no difference in liver sparing between C/NC-VMAT, C-VMAT, and sIMRT. In all patients, dose to more than 95% of target points met the 3%/3mm criteria. All 6 patients tolerated C/NC-VMAT and none of them had treatment-related ≥ grade 2 toxicity. The C/NC-VMAT can be used clinically for HCC and provides significantly better liver sparing in patients with left-lobe tumors.

The expression of GSTπ in the HepG2 cell after multiple thermotherapy / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate the expression change of ghtathione S-transferase π(GSTπ)protein and mRNA in the HepG2 cell after multiple thermotherapy.Methods HepG2 cells were treaded by ten repeated cycles of exposure at 43 degree C for 80 minutes twice a day，the sensibility of HepG2 cell to Adriamycin was analyzed by MTr assay，and the expression of QSTπprotein and mRNA were detected by immunohistochemical method and RT-PCR.Results The drug resistance to Adriamycin was gained by HepG2 cells after multiple thermotherapy，and the expression of GSTπ protein and mRNA wag strengthened.Conclusions The resistance of heated HepG2 cells to chemotherapeutics was concerned with overexpression of GSTπ protein and mRNA.

The change of apoptosis and chemotherapeutics resistance after multiple thermotherapy on the HepG2 cell / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate the change of apoptosis and drug resistance after multiple thermotherapy On the HepG2 Cell. Methods After HepG2 cell were treaded by ten repeated cycles of exposure at 43 degree C for 80 minutes twice a day，the sensibility of HepG2 cell to Adfiamyein was analyzed by MTr assay.The apoptosis Was detected by kit，and the expression of Bcl-2 or Bax protein and mRNA were detected by immunohistochemical method and RT-PCR respective.Results The drug resistance to Adfiamycin Was gained by HepG2 cell after multiple thermotherapy.The rate of apoptosis was decreased，the expression of Bcl一2 protein and mRNA Was strengthened，and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax increased.Conclusions The resistance of heated HepG2 cell to chemotherapeutics Was related with the decreased rate of apoptosis，overexpression of Bcl-2 protein and mRNA，and increased ratio of Bcl-2/Bax.

Detection of nitrogen dioxide using mixed tungsten oxide-based thick film semiconductor sensor.

The thick film semiconductor sensor for NO(2) gas detection was fabricated by screen-printing method using a mixed WO(3)-based as sensing material. The sensing characteristics, such as response time, response linearity, sensitivity, working range, cross sensitivity, and long-term stability were further studied by using a WO(3)-based mixed with different metal oxides (SnO(2), TiO(2) and In(2)O(3)) and doped with noble metals (Au, Pd and Pt) as sensing materials was observed. The highest sensitivity for low concentrations (<16 mg l(-1)) was observed using WO(3)-based mixed with In(2)O(3) or TiO(2). The NO(2) gas sensor showing the fastest response and recovery time (both within 2 min), good linearity (Y=0.606X+0.788 R(2)=0.991) for gas concentrations from 3 to 310 mg l(-1), low resistance (3 MOmega), high sensitivity, undesirable cross sensitivity effect and good long-term stability (at least 120 days) using WO(3)-SnO(2)-Au as sensing material.