Bilateral olfactory aplasia: Uncommon cause of congenital anosmia.

Olfactory aplasia is an uncommon cause of anosmia, and it should be suspected in young patients with lifelong decreased sense of smell. The aim of this article was to remind readers about this condition that need to be part of the differential diagnosis in similar clinical scenario, to avoid unnecessary investigation and overtreatment for these patients.

(Doctor My child keeps falling over) unexpected MRI findings in children with history of frequent falls and dizziness: a case series.

Frequent falls and dizziness are common complaints in children. These symptoms can be caused by wide range of underlying pathologies including peripheral vestibular deficits, cardiac disease, central lesions, motor skills delay and psychogenic disorders. We report three paediatric cases who presented with complaints of repeated falls and imbalance. MRI scan revealed underlying brain lesions (frontal lobe arteriovenous malformation, exophytic brain stem glioma and cerebellomedullary angle arachnoid cyst with cerebellar tonsillar ectopia). By reporting these cases, we would like to emphasise the importance of a thorough assessment of children with similar symptoms by detailed clinical history, physical examination and maintaining low threshold for investigations, including radiological imaging. Taking in consideration, the wide range of differential diagnosis, the challenge of obtaining detailed history and difficulty of performing reliable physical examination in this age group. Management of underlying disorders can be medical, surgical or just observational.