RESUMO
The upcoming decade of precision medicine for cancer is moving from the translation of specific genetic findings into clinically relevant improvement to the qualitative analyses of the genomic and immune tumor microenvironment, for an integrated treatment strategy in both metastatic and early disease.
Assuntos
Neoplasias/terapia , Medicina de Precisão/tendências , Humanos , Microambiente TumoralRESUMO
PURPOSE: Genomic profiling for personalized targeted therapy has become standard of care. We report the success of genomic profiling of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) obtained by trans-thoracic needle biopsy (TTNB) in a single center experience. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with NSCLC who underwent TTNB for genomic were identified. Pathology specimens were evaluated for tumor adequacy and then analyzed for selected exons of epidermal growth factor receptor, KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, and ERBB2. ALK rearrangements were detected with fluorescence in situ hybridization and/or immunohistochemistry. Technical success was recorded and the factors affecting successful profiling were evaluated. Complications (pneumothorax, hemorrhage, and admission) were recorded. Comparison of yield and complications were done between the two groups (core biopsy and fine needle aspiration only group). Utility of PET-CT to guide the needle track for optimized yield was assessed in a subset of patients. RESULTS: Between December 6, 2009, and December 30, 2016, 765 patients with NSCLC underwent TTNB. Five-hundred and seventy-seven of 765 (75%) of all TTNB were profiled, for genomic analysis. Five-hundred and eight of 577 (88%) were successfully profiled. The number of samples obtained ranged from 1 to 10 (1 to 2 cm, 18 to 20 G). Lesions biopsied ranged in size from 0.6 to 16 cm. No statistically significant difference was observed in the incidence of pneumothorax between two groups (P = 0.26). PET guidance was not found to be statistically significant ( P = 0.79) in the overall yield. CONCLUSION: Computed tomographic guided TTNB is a safe and efficacious technique for genomic profiling, enables the acquisition of sufficient tissue for genetic mutation analyses allowing for personalized therapy with an acceptable complication rate.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Biópsia Guiada por Imagem , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Classe I de Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/genética , Receptores ErbB/genética , Feminino , Genômica , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas B-raf/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras)/genética , Receptor ErbB-2/genética , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements are present in an important subset of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and predict for response to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor crizotinib. In this study, we evaluated the yet unknown frequency and functional role of ALK splicing isoforms in NSCLC. METHODS: We analyzed 270 cases of NSCLC for ALK kinase domain splicing aberrations and in addition generated constructs with full-length echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4)-ALK (E13;A20) and a splicing isoform. RESULTS: Splicing isoforms of the kinase domain of ALK-including complete skipping of exon 23 (ALKdel23, ALK p.I1171fs*42) and exon 27 (ALKdel27, ALK p.T1312fs*0)-were identified in 11.1% (30 of 270 cases) of NSCLC, and these changes coexisted with ALK rearrangements, KRAS mutations, and EGFR mutations. ALK splicing isoforms were observed with full-length EML4-ALK in crizotinib-naive and treated NSCLCs. ALK T1312fs*0 was unable to render cells solely dependent on ALK signaling. Unlike EML4-ALK and EML4-ALK p.L1196M, EML4-ALK T1312fs*0 did not autophosphorylate ALK or other phosphotyrosine sites. Coexpression of equal amounts of EML4-ALK T1312fs*0 and EML4-ALK did not result in resistance to crizotinib, whereas coexpression of EML4-ALK L1196M with EML4-ALK resulted in resistance to inhibition of ALK by crizotinib. CONCLUSIONS: ALK kinase splicing isoforms were present in NSCLC and even if translated seemed to be nonfunctional variants of ALK.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/genética , Processamento Alternativo/genética , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Proteínas de Fusão Oncogênica/genética , Receptores Proteína Tirosina Quinases/genética , Adenocarcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Quinase do Linfoma Anaplásico , Western Blotting , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Crizotinibe , Éxons/genética , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Imunoprecipitação , Isoenzimas , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Prognóstico , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Pirazóis/uso terapêutico , Piridinas/uso terapêutico , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Many clinically validated kinases, such as BCR-ABL, c-Kit, PDGFR, and EGFR, become resistant to adenosine triphosphate-competitive inhibitors through mutation of the so-called gatekeeper amino acid from a threonine to a large hydrophobic amino acid, such as an isoleucine or methionine. We have developed a new class of adenosine triphosphate competitive inhibitors, exemplified by HG-7-85-01, which is capable of inhibiting T315I- BCR-ABL (clinically observed in chronic myeloid leukemia), T670I-c-Kit (clinically observed in gastrointestinal stromal tumors), and T674I/M-PDGFRalpha (clinically observed in hypereosinophilic syndrome). HG-7-85-01 is unique among all currently reported kinase inhibitors in having the ability to accommodate either a gatekeeper threonine, present in the wild-type forms of these kinases, or a large hydrophobic amino acid without becoming a promiscuous kinase inhibitor. The distinctive ability of HG-7-85-01 to simultaneously inhibit both wild-type and mutant forms of several kinases of clinical relevance is an important step in the development of the next generation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
