[The protease inhibitor gabexate mesilate in experimentally-induced acute pancreatitis with early gram-negative infection in the Göttingen minipig: therapeutic efficacy and effects on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis]. / Proteaseninhibitor Gabexat mesilat bei der experimentall induzierten akuten Pankreatitis mit früher gram-negativer Infektion am Göttinger Zwergschwein: Therapeutische Effizienz und Auswirkungen auf Blutgerinnung und Fibrinolyse.

Due to its biochemical properties, the newly developed low-molecular protease inhibitor gabexate mesilate is assumed to be efficient in the treatment of complicated acute pancreatitis. This thypothesis was tested using the model of the experimental taurocholate pancreatitis with early artificial E. coli infection in Göttingen mini pigs. Either gabexate mesilate or a placebo was given intravenously 150 min after induction of pancreatitis in a dosage of 2 mg/kg b.w. and h. Median survival time was 15 h in the gabexate mesilate treated animals (n = 7) as compared to 34 h in the placebo group (n = 7); this difference was not significant. The application of gabexate mesilate had no influence on the increased coagulation activity (decrease of prothrombin time, antithrombin III and platelet count) nor on the additional hyperfibrinolysis with concomitant decrease of plasminogen and antiplasmin. Prothrombin time and antithrombin III were less distinctly decreased in the placebo group; decrease of platelet count was more pronounced. On the basis of this study the hypothesis is not confirmed that treatment with gabexate mesilate for necrotizing experimental pancreatitis with additional gram-negative infection has a therapeutic efficiency.

Non-invasive evaluation of hemodynamic, tremorogenic and biochemical effects in response to beta-adrenoceptor stimulation.

1, 4, 12 and 24 micrograms SOM 1397 CL, a new beta 2-adrenergic bronchodilator, were administered by inhalation to 10 healthy volunteers in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject crossover study in order to assess circulatory, tremorogenic and biochemical effects. 1 microgram SOM 1397 CL did not cause any relevant changes in the measured parameters. After administration of 4 micrograms a slight but continuous increase in tremor amplitude and c-AMP was observed. The effects on hemodynamics and other laboratory values could be considered negligible. Overdoses of 12 and 24 micrograms resulted in a dose-dependent increase in systolic blood pressure, pulse rate, tremor amplitude, alpha-AMP and lactic acid, as well as in a decrease of diastolic blood pressure and potassium. These effects may be partly attributable to beta 2-receptor stimulation. The method described in this paper can be applied as a useful tool for determination of beta 2-adrenergic activity in healthy volunteers, independent of the conventional methods which are used to evaluate efficacy of bronchodilators by the degree of bronchial muscular relaxation.

Bronchospasm induced by methacholine inhalation as a model for testing of bronchospasmolytics in healthy volunteers.

Provocation tests with acetylcholine, methacholine, histamine and carbachol are used as models for measuring bronchospasmolytics in patients with bronchial hyperreactivity. The possibilities of the methacholine provocation test for the measurement of bronchospasmolytic agents in healthy volunteers have been examined. The relevance of this method will be shown by the example of the effects of two beta 2-mimetics in comparison to placebo. Under placebo conditions, methacholine provocation resulted in an increase of bronchial resistance of approximately 200% in volunteers. The various dosages of the two test substances showed a clear, dose-related bronchospasmolysis. The described method can be used as a model of investigation for testing bronchospasmolytics in healthy volunteers.

Intestinal lesions caused by incorrectly placed seat belts.

Employment of seat belts reduces the number of fatal accidents and alters the pattern of lesions. However, seat belts themselves can produce serious lesions, particularly if incorrectly placed. Three cases of traumatic intestinal perforation are mentioned. Intestinal perforation often produces few initial symptoms. The diagnosis is difficult and is frequently established late. If marks are present on the abdomen from the seat belt, the patient should be admitted for observation. The possible pathogenesis of the intestinal lesions are mentioned. The seat belt should be correctly placed in order to obtain optimal effect. Reasons for incorrect placing are mentioned. It is important that the seat belt is adjusted to the passenger employing it.

Cytochemical evidence for stage-specific changes of nuclear RNA and nonhistone protein content during early development of Triturus vulgaris.

During early embryogenesis of Triturus vulgaris, RNA and nonhistone protein contents of neuroectoderm nuclei change with stage specifically. Maximum values were found in the late gastrula after embryonic induction, and in the late neurula with the formation of the neural tube. The stage-specific increases of RNA and nonhistone protein are correlated with a preceding increase of Feulgen-DNA content.