Medicina aún más crítica: análisis retrospectivo de las bajas atendidas en la UCI del Hospital Militar español de Herat (Afganistán) / Even more critical medicine: a retrospective analysis of casualties admitted to the intensive care unit in the Spanish Military Hospital in Herat (Afghanistan)

Objetivo Analizar las bajas por arma de fuego o por explosivo que ingresaron en la UCI del ROLE-2E español entre diciembre de 2005 y diciembre de 2008 y valorar mediante puntuaciones anatómicas de gravedad (ISS y NISS) cuál es el agente lesional que ha producido mayor morbimortalidad en nuestra serie. Diseño Estudio observacional retrospectivo efectuado entre los años 2005 y 2008. Ámbito Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos polivalente del Hospital Militar español desplegado en Afganistán. Pacientes o participantes El criterio de inclusión fue el de todos los pacientes que sufrieron heridas por arma de fuego o lesiones por artefacto explosivo y que fueron ingresados en la UCI del Hospital Militar español de Herat (Afganistán). Intervenciones A los pacientes seleccionados se les aplicó las puntuaciones anatómicas Injury Severity Score (ISS) y New Injury Severity Score (NISS) para estimar el grado de gravedad de sus lesiones. Variables de interésIndependientes: agente lesional, área anatómica afectada, empleo de medios de protección, y dependientes: mortalidad, necesidad de intervención quirúrgica, gravedad según scores, y sociodemográficas y de control. Resultados Ochenta y seis bajas; 30 por arma de fuego y 56 por artefacto explosivo. El 38% estaba valorado como grave por NISS. La estancia media fue de 2,8 días y la mortalidad del 10%. No se observan diferencias significativas de ingresos en UCI según el agente lesional (p=0,142). Conclusiones No se observan diferencias significativas en necesidad de ingreso y de la estancia en UCI según el agente causante de las lesiones. Se destaca la importancia táctica, asistencial y logística del médico militar especialista en medicina intensiva en el teatro de operaciones de Afganistán (AU)

Abstract Objective: To analyze casualties from firearm and explosives injuries who were admitted tothe Intensive Care Unit in the Spanish ROLE-2E from December 2005 to December 2008 andto evaluate which damaging agent had produced the highest morbidity-mortality in our seriesusing score indices with anatomical base (ISS and NISS). Design: Observational and retrospective study performed between 2005 and 2008.Setting: Polyvalent Intensive Care Unit in the Spanish Military Hospital of those deployed in Afghanistan. Patients or participants: The inclusion criteria were all patients who had been wounded byfirearm or by explosive devices and who had been admitted in ICU in Spanish Military Hospitalin Herat (Afghanistan).Intervention: The anatomic scores Injury Severity Score and the New Injury Severity Score (NISS)were applied to all the selected patients to estimate the grade of severity of their injuries.Variables of interest: Independent: damaging agent, injured anatomical area, protectionmeasures and dependent: mortality, surgical procedure applied, score severity and sociodemographicsand control variables. Results: Eighty-six casualties, 30 by firearm and 56 by explosive devices. Applying the NISS,38% of the casualties had suffered severe injuries. Mean stay in the ICU was 2.8 days andmortality was 10%. Significant differences in admission to the ICU for the damaging agent werenot observed (P = .142).Conclusions: No significant differences were observed in the need for admission and stay in theICU according to the damaging agent. The importance of the strategy, care and logistics of theintensive care military physician in Intensive Medicine in the Operating Room in Afghanistan isstressed (AU)

[Even more critical medicine: a retrospective analysis of casualties admitted to the intensive care unit in the Spanish Military Hospital in Herat (Afghanistan)]. / Medicina aún más crítica: análisis retrospectivo de las bajas atendidas en la UCI del Hospital Militar español de Herat (Afganistán).

OBJECTIVE: To analyze casualties from firearm and explosives injuries who were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit in the Spanish ROLE-2E from December 2005 to December 2008 and to evaluate which damaging agent had produced the highest morbidity-mortality in our series using score indices with anatomical base (ISS and NISS). DESIGN: Observational and retrospective study performed between 2005 and 2008. SETTING: Polyvalent Intensive Care Unit in the Spanish Military Hospital of those deployed in Afghanistan. PATIENTS OR PARTICIPANTS: The inclusion criteria were all patients who had been wounded by firearm or by explosive devices and who had been admitted in ICU in Spanish Military Hospital in Herat (Afghanistan). INTERVENTION: The anatomic scores Injury Severity Score and the New Injury Severity Score (NISS) were applied to all the selected patients to estimate the grade of severity of their injuries. VARIABLES OF INTEREST: Independent: damaging agent, injured anatomical area, protection measures and dependent: mortality, surgical procedure applied, score severity and socio-demographics and control variables. RESULTS: Eighty-six casualties, 30 by firearm and 56 by explosive devices. Applying the NISS, 38% of the casualties had suffered severe injuries. Mean stay in the ICU was 2.8 days and mortality was 10%. Significant differences in admission to the ICU for the damaging agent were not observed (P=.142). CONCLUSIONS: No significant differences were observed in the need for admission and stay in the ICU according to the damaging agent. The importance of the strategy, care and logistics of the intensive care military physician in Intensive Medicine in the Operating Room in Afghanistan is stressed.

Capacidades y asistencia sanitaria realizada por el ROLE-2 español en la FSB de Herat (Afganistán)desde febrero a julio del 2007 / Capacidades y asistencia sanitaria realizada por el ROLE-2 español en la FSB de Herat (Afganistán) from February to July of 2007

En el presente artículo se pretende describir el despliegue sanitario en Zona de Operaciones (ZO), personal, material, instalaciones, medios de evacuación y asistencia médica realizada en el ROLE-2 español de la Base de Apoyo Avanzado (FSB) de Herat (Afganistán), integrado en la Operación Fuerza Internacional de Asistencia a la Seguridad (ISAF) desde Febrero hasta Julio del 2007. Durante dicho periodo, en este ROLE-2 se atendieron a 54 bajas de combate, se realizaron 1432 consultas a miembros integrantes de ISAF y 1880 consultas a personal civil. Conclusiones: En conflictos de baja intensidad, los escalones sanitarios pueden recibir bajas de combate, tratar enfermedades comunes a personal militar y realizar asistencia médica de carácter humanitario. Por todo ello el ROLE-2 debe ser equipado, abastecido, mantenido, instruido y adiestrado para tratar estas dos categorías de pacientes (AU)

In this article, we try to describe the medical deployment in the Area of Operations, personnel, equipment, facilities, evacuation vehicles and medical care provided by the Spanish ROLE-2 in the Forward Support Base (FSB) Herat (Afghanistan), as part of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) Operation, from February to July 2007. During this period, in this ROLE-2 54 combat casualties were treated, 1432 consultations to ISAF members and 1880 to civilians performed. Conclusions: In low-intensity conflicts, medical facilities can treat combat casualties, common diseases in military personnel and humanitarian cases. For all these reasons, ROLE-2 must be equipped, supplied, manned, and trained to treat these two kinds of patients (AU)