Multivariate Pharma Technology Transfer Analysis: Civilization Diseases and COVID-19 Perspective.

The importance of studying civilization diseases manifests itself in the impact of changing lifestyles, on the number of deaths and causes of death. Technology transfer plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of these diseases. Through this, it is possible to transfer new treatments and diagnostics to clinics and hospitals more quickly and effectively, which leads to better healthcare for patients. Technology transfer can also aid in the development of new drugs and therapies that can be effective in the treatment of civilization diseases. The paper aims to evaluate the technology transfer process in the field of civilization diseases, using COVID-19 as an example of a pandemic that requires quick development and transfer of technology. To achieve the assumed goal, we propose a multivariate synthetic ratio in the field of civilization diseases (SMTT-Synthetic Measure of Technology Transfer) to analyze data from the Global Data database. We used sub-measures like SMTT_value (Synthetic Measure of Technology Transfer_value) and SMTT_quantity (Synthetic Measure of Technology Transfer_quantity) to measure technology transfer and put the data into a graph. Our analysis focuses on 14 diseases over a period of 10 years (2012-2021) and includes nine forms of technology transfer, allowing us to create a tool for analysing the process in multiple dimensions. Our results show that COVID-19 is similar in terms of technology transfer to diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and breast cancer, even though data for COVID-19 is available for only 2 years.

Analysis of the Challenges of Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) for the Smart Supply Chain (Case Study: FMCG Industries).

In today's competitive world, supply chain management is one of the fundamental issues facing businesses that affects all an organization's activities to produce products and provide services needed by customers. The technological revolution in supply chain logistics is experiencing a significant wave of new innovations and challenges. Despite the current fast digital technologies, customers expect the ordering and delivery process to be faster, and as a result, this has made it easier and more efficient for organizations looking to implement new technologies. "Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT)", which means using the Internet of Things to perform intelligent tasks with the help of artificial intelligence integration, is one of these expected innovations that can turn a complex supply chain into an integrated process. AIoT innovations such as data sensors and RFID (radio detection technology), with the power of artificial intelligence analysis, provide information to implement features such as tracking and instant alerts to improve decision making. Such data can become vital information to help improve operations and tasks. However, the same evolving technology with the presence of the Internet and the huge amount of data can pose many challenges for the supply chain and the factors involved. In this study, by conducting a literature review and interviewing experts active in FMCG industries as an available case study, the most important challenges facing the AIoT-powered supply chain were extracted. By examining these challenges using nonlinear quantitative analysis, the importance of these challenges was examined and their causal relationships were identified. The results showed that cybersecurity and a lack of proper infrastructure are the most important challenges facing the AIoT-based supply chain.

Analysis of Sustainable Transport Systems in Service of Selected SEA-EU Consortium Countries' Airports-A Pilot Case Study of Passenger Choices for Gdansk Airport.

The article presents the results of a pilot study, namely a passenger survey on travel choices regarding commuting to the airport in one chosen location (Gdansk, Poland). The study aimed at establishing which factors which influenced their travel time, assessment of travel time, choosing more or less sustainable transport mode, and also single-mode or multimodal travel. Research results show that choice of the means of transport influences travel time, that the highest travel times are generated by bus and car travel and that assessing the travel time as acceptable or not depends on travel time. However, the longer the travel time, the more likely was the passenger to accept it. What is more, it appeared that a few factors influence choosing a more sustainable transport mode: the purpose of the trip, the start of the trip to the airport, place of living, and job situation.

Lockdowned: Everyday mobility changes in response to COVID-19.

Background: This paper looks into the impact of the recent COVID-19 epidemic on the daily mobility of people. Existing research into the epidemic travel patterns points at transport as a channel for disease spreading with especially long-distance travel in the centre of interest. We adopt a different approach looking into the effects that epidemic has on the transport system and specifically in relation to short-distance daily mobility activities. We go beyond simple travel avoidance behaviours and look into factors influencing change in travel times and in modal split under epidemic. This leads to the research problems we posit in this paper. We look into the overall reduction of daily travel and into the factors impacting peoples' decisions to refrain from daily traveling. This paper focuses on modes affected and explores differences between various societal groups. Methods: We use a CATI survey with a representative sample size of 1069 respondents from Poland. The survey was carried out between March, 24th and April, 6th2020, with a start date one week after the Polish government introduced administrative measures aimed at slowing down the COVID-19 epidemic. For data analysis, we propose using the GLM (general linear model), allowing us to include all the qualitative and quantitative variables which depict our sample. Results: We observe significant drops in travel times under epidemic conditions. Those drops are similar regardless of the age group and gender. The time decrease depended on the purpose of travels, means of transport, traveller's household size, fear of coronavirus, main occupation, and change in it caused by the epidemic. The more the respondent was afraid of coronavirus, the more she or he shortened the travel time.

Total fluid intake of children and adolescents: cross-sectional surveys in 13 countries worldwide.

PURPOSE: To describe total fluid intake (TFI) according to socio-demographic characteristics in children and adolescents worldwide. METHODS: Data of 3611 children (4-9 years) and 8109 adolescents (10-18 years) were retrieved from 13 cross-sectional surveys (47 % males). In three countries, school classes were randomly recruited with stratified cluster sampling design. In the other countries, participants were randomly recruited based on a quota method. TFI (drinking water and beverages of all kinds) was obtained with a fluid-specific record over 7 consecutive days. Adequacy was assessed by comparing TFI to 80 % of adequate intake (AI) for total water intake set by European Food Safety Authority. Data on height, weight and socio-economic level were collected in most countries. RESULTS: The mean (SD) TFI ranged from [1.32 (0.68)] to [1.35 (0.71)] L/day. Non-adherence to AIs for fluids ranged from 10 % (Uruguay) to >90 % (Belgium). Females were more likely to meet the AIs for fluids than males (4-9 years: 28 %, OR 0.72, p = 0.002; 10-18 years: 20 %, OR 0.80, p = 0.001), while adolescents were less likely to meet the AI than children (OR 1.645, p < 0.001 in males and OR 1.625, p < 0.001 in females). CONCLUSIONS: A high proportion of children and adolescents are at risk of an inadequate fluid intake. This risk is especially high in males and adolescents when compared with females or children categories. This highlights water intake among young populations as an issue of global concern.

[Expert's opinion on recommendations for water and other beverages consumption in elderly?]. / Stanowisko Grupy Ekspertów w sprawie zalecen dotyczacych spozycia wody i innych napojów przez osoby w wieku podeszlym.

The article encloses definition of water role and its body requirement, review of water balance and management in older persons regarding characteristic of this age group and concomitant disorders. Based on current literature and expert's opinion the recommendations for water consumption were expressed with estimation of insufficient apply and oversupply, evaluation of hydration state, domestic water sources in diet with accent on influence of proper hydration on comfort and good health.

Dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins in healthy adults in relation to current recommended intake.

BACKGROUND: The health benefits arising from antioxidant vitamins A, C and E are well recognised and their recommended dietary intake for the general population have been established. However, there is still a need for assessing antioxidant vitamin intake in different population groups. OBJECTIVE: To assess intake of antioxidant vitamins: A, C, E and beta-carotene, and to identify their major sources in the diets of healthy subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 182 adults; both men and women from polish population. Antioxidant vitamin dietary intake was assessed by individual 3-day records. Data were analysed using updated "Polish Food Composition Tables" and 'Dieta 5' Software. RESULTS: The average daily intake of antioxidant vitamins was: 1076 mg for vitamin A (including 46% of retinol and 55% of beta-carotene), 107 mg for vitamin C and 9 mg for vitamin E. Higher dietary intake of these vitamins was observed in men compared to women. CONCLUSIONS: The average intake ofantioxidant vitamins was found to be in recommended range, however, significant differences were observed between the lowest and the highest intake. They were related to differences in the consumption of food products recognized as major sources of vitamins A, C, E and beta-carotene in study population.

[Dietary intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in healthy adults in relation to current recommended intake]. / Ocena spozycia wielonienasyconych kwasów tluszczowych n-3 wsród zdrowych doroslych osób w odniesieniu do aktualnych norm zywienia.

The health benefits of n-3 PUFA and especially long-chain n-3 PUFA are well recognized and recommendation of their dietary intake for general population are elaborated However, there is still a need for assessment of LCn-3 PUFA intake in different population groups. The aim of this study was to assess intake of n-3 PUFA, particularly long-chain n-3PUFA (LCn-3 PUFA) and to identify their major sources in diets of healthy subjects. The studied group consisted of 182 adults, both men and women. Assessment of n-3 PUFA dietary intake was based on individual 3-day records. Data were analyzed using updated polish food composition tables and "Dieta 2" and "Dieta 4" Software. It was found, that more than 40% of studied subjects consumed daily less than 1 g ALA, about 50%--less than 100 mg LCn-3 PUFA and about 60% less than 10 mg DHA.

[C-reactive protein and homocysteine as risk factors of atherosclerosis]. / Bialko C reaktywne i homocysteina jako wskazniki ryzyka rozwoju miazdzycy.

UNLABELLED: Atherosclerosis is a chronic disorder with a complex pathology. Apart from classical risk factors such as: hypertension, elevated serum lipids, cigarette smoking, diabetes and obesity, other new risk factors involved in atherosclerosis development have been discovered. These new factors include molecules associated with inflammation such as C-reactive protein (CRP), and also eleveted homocysteine (Hcy). AIM OF THE STUDY: To estimate the frequency of enhanced CRP and Hcy levels in two groups of patients: in patients with diagnosed coronary heart disease (CHD group) and without CHD symptoms (control), matched for serum cholesterol levels, age, sex, body mass index and blood pressure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 335 subjects: 182 females, 153 males, aged between 42-63. In all studied subjects serum levels of total and HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, Hcy and CRP levels were determined. RESULTS: HCY-levels lower than 10 mmol/l were observed in 53.3% of the controls and in 27.7% of the group diagnosed with coronary heart disease. Hcy above 15 mmol/l was observed in 29.7% of CHD group and in only 5% of the controls. 78.5% of controls had CRP levels concentrations not higher than 2 mg/l. CRP levels above 3 mg/l were observed only in 9.9% of controls and in up to 66.5% of the patients with coronary heart disease. CONCLUSIONS: CRP and Hcy levels have been recognized as parameters that strongly differentiate patients with classically diagnosed heart disease from people without clinical symptoms of the illness but with similar serum lipid levels, similar BMI and blood pressure.

[Dietary and life-style habits of university students in Poland--empirical study]. / Wybrane elementy stylu zycia studentów wyzszych uczelni w swietle badan empirycznych.

The aim of the study was the analysis of selected elements students life styles: nutrition behavior, physical activity, cigarettes smoking, alcohol drinking as a background of coronary diseases development. The respondents (412 persons) were university students: 339 women and 79 men. On an average they were 20 years old. 204 persons were inhabitants of towns, 208--villages and small towns. The interviews were conducted in Warsaw and Olsztyn in 2002. In general, for students non-healthy nutrition behavior were characteristic: non-regular consumption of meals (about 50%)), low frequency vegetables and fruits consumption (about 50%), sporadic fishes consumption (about 40%), preferring butter (35%) and poor physical activity (about 50%). Positive aspects of students nutrition were: preferring of poultry (44%), high frequency of fruit juice and mineral water drinking (about 40%) and sporadic chips and fast-food consumption (about 80%). One can observe differences in regard to the place of living. Pro-healthy behavior were more disseminated among students living in towns. More of them consumed daily vegetables, fruit juices, preferred poultry, did not smoke cigarettes and were physically active in comparison with students living in villages and small towns. General conclusions: there is a necessity to create programmers of health education at universities.

[Expectations regarding nutrition information on food product packages]. / Oczekiwania konsumentów wobec informacji zywieniowej umieszczanej na opakowaniach produktów spozywczych.

Food labeling was originally developed to help consumers make the right decision in choosing at food products. It (food labeling) is also helpful in consumer's education. The aim of this study was to analyze the consumers' preferences concerning foods' labeling products. The type and the form of the information and of course the information itself were analyzed. The study was carried out in the form of a questionnaire among 295 people who were the consumers of supermarkets. The only criteria for the chosen subjects were that they agree to take part in the study and that they are the heads of their families. It came out that 54% of the subjects accepted the current information about food products. More than 23% said that they didn't understand the information provided by the food labels. 66% said that food labels should have educational information concerning the role of an ingredient in health and nutrition. Everyone wanted "negative" information, for example: "this product is not recommended for..."). More than 87% stated that they want information like "this product is recommended for...". (That kind of preference doesn't go along with the current law concerning food products). The best motivation for using food labels is sickness or illness. 89% of the subjects said that the information about the food products and the nutritional value are more important than the information about the producer. Informations concerning the nutritional values in 100 g and in 1 portion of a product were easiest to understand for 71% of the subjects. The results of this study show that food labeling is very important form of consumers education.

[Knowledge about prevention of diabetes 2 among subscribers of health magazines]. / Wiedza na temat profilaktyki cukrzycy typu 2 wsród prenumeratorów czasopism o zdrowiu.

The aim of study was valuation of knowledge about risk factors and prevention of diabetes type 2. The respondents (1243 persons) were subscribers of magazine concerning health problems, 46 +/- 14 years old, 25% persons with high education, 59.9% with secondary and 13.7% with primary education. About 60% of respondents had knowledge concerning risk factors of diabetes type 2, although 33% person didn't know, that diabetes mostly depend on life styles. One can state that there were differences in regard to this problem between respondents which had sick persons in family in comparison with "healthy families". Respondents with high education had better knowledge concerning prevention, aetiology of diabetes in comparison with respondents with primary education. About 80% of respondents considered that essential factor in therapy of diabetes proper diet. Direct touch (contact) with disease is the most powerful factor motivating persons to extend the knowledge and modifier health behaviour. Main focus in health education of physicians should be put on their skills to motivate patients to modifier life styles.

[Impact of of school children's nutrition education program on the knowledge and nutritional behavior of their parents]. / Wplyw edukacji zywieniowej dzieci w wieku szkolnym na wiedze i zachowania zywieniowe ich rodziców.

The aim of the work was to present the analysis of the influence of school children's nutrition education program on the knowledge and nutritional behavior of their parents (110 persons). The program was realized during 10 lessons. The interview with the parents concerning their knowledge and nutritional behavior was carried before and after realization of educational program at school. One can state that changes of parents nutritional behavior was connected with the educational materials getting by children, for example higher consumption of vegetables, fruits, milk and its products were observed. An increased level of knowledge especially on sources of selected nutrients: calcium, dietary fiber was found. Education of children and youth can be seen as one of the effective educational method of their parents.