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1.
Food Sci Nutr ; 11(10): 5641-5656, 2023 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37823128

RESUMO

Goat milk proteins are unique in their nutritional and functional properties and have become increasingly popular in recent years. A variety of methods have been studied for extracting and isolating these proteins, with coprecipitation being a particularly effective approach. Compared to cow milk proteins, goat milk proteins contain higher levels of certain amino acids such as tryptophan and cysteine, while maintaining similar nutritional properties. Additionally, they have superior functional properties, including better emulsifying and foaming properties, which make them an attractive option for developing new food products. Research has shown that goat milk proteins have several health benefits, including immunomodulatory effects, allergy management, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects, as well as antimicrobial and anticancer properties. They have the potential to be used as a treatment for autoimmune diseases, allergies, and other immune system disorders due to their ability to modulate the production of cytokines and other immune system components. Furthermore, their antimicrobial properties can help prevent the growth of harmful bacteria and reduce the risk of infection. Future research will focus on the potential of goat milk proteins as a functional food ingredient, their effects on gut health and microbiota, and their therapeutic potential for various health conditions. This research may lead to the development of new functional foods that promote health and prevent disease, and potentially pave the way for the use of goat milk proteins as a therapeutic agent for various health conditions.

2.
Braz J Biol ; 84: e263386, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36350949

RESUMO

Any solid, unprotected, and undefended surface in the aquatic environment will be fouled. Fouling, on the other hand, can affect a wide range of species that can tolerate some epibiosis. Several others, on the other hand, aggressively keep the epibionts off their body surface (antifouling). Antifouling defenses are built into marine plants like seaweed and seagrass. They do have a distinctive surface structure with tightly packed needle-like peaks and antifouling coverings, which may hinder settling bacteria's ability to cling. Chemical antifouling resistance is most probably a biological reaction to epibiosis' ecological drawbacks, especially for organisms capable of performing photosynthesis. The goal of this study was to see how effective natural compounds derived from littoral seaweeds were in preventing fouling. The brown mussel, an important fouling organism, was evaluated in laboratory bioassays against fifty-one populations' crude organic extracts including fort-two macroalgae species. Antifouling activity, exhibited a distinct phylogenetic pattern, with red macroalgae having the largest share of active species, subsequently brown macroalgae. Antifouling action in green seaweeds has never been significant. Seven species showed some level of induced antifouling defense. Our findings appear to back up previous findings about secondary metabolite synthesis in seaweeds, indicating that in the hunt for novel antifoulants, researchers should concentrate their efforts on tropical red macroalgae.


Assuntos
Bivalves , Alga Marinha , Animais , Alga Marinha/química , Filogenia , Verduras
3.
Arch Razi Inst ; 77(2): 747-751, 2022 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36284951

RESUMO

Burn damage is a complicated trauma that causes local and general tissue edema as a result of cell breakage and capillary leak syndrome. Angiogenesis plays a key part in the mechanisms that are initiated by tissue damage (e.g., burns) since it works directly and precisely on endothelial cells. The primary mediators of angiogenesis are vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors (VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2). This study aimed to figure out what functions VEGF and its receptors play in wound healing after burn, and the systemic release of VEGF in people following severe burn damage. This study included 23 burnt adult serum and 20 healthy controls. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent test was used to assess circulating VEGF serum levels and its receptors (VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2). VEGF serum levels were considerably higher in this study, compared to VEGF levels in healthy controls. The levels of VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 have significantly risen; moreover, VEGF and its receptors have a significant impact on edema-related problems in severely burned individuals. Burn is a frequent disease that damages the skin and induces the production of mediators that cause neovasculature in the majority of patients. VEGF, which causes vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, is one of the most important factors in the skin.


Assuntos
Queimaduras , Receptor 1 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular , Edema , Células Endoteliais/metabolismo , Imunoadsorventes , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Receptor 2 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular , Cicatrização , Humanos , Adulto
4.
Arch Razi Inst ; 77(2): 753-760, 2022 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36284975

RESUMO

Tripterygium wilfordii is a medicinal plant that plays a crucial role in health care programs, especially in developing countries, and had anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-fertility, anti-bacterial, and other therapeutic effects. This study was designed to determine the anti-proliferative effects of methanolic extract of T. wilfordii on the WRL-68 cell line and the function of polycystin-1 (PC-1). The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were recorded in WRL-68 and AsPC-1 cell lines as 193 µg/ml and 149.2 µg/ml, respectively, at 2-2.55 and 2-2.2 µg/ml methanolic plant concentrations. The maximum cytotoxic activities of the extract on the growth inhibition of WRL-68 and AsPC-1 were generally observed at 97.64% and 95.94% at extract concentrations of 50 µg/ml and 25 µg/ml, respectively. The pharmacognostic profile of T. wilfordii extract was found to be alkaloids, tannins, terpenoides, flavonoids, glycosides, and phenols. The extracts of T. wilfordii were tested through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showing four peaks representing mostly of 3-Oxobutanol; ethyl acetate; acetic acid ethyl ester; chlorbromuron; 1-(methylthio)-, (E)-; n-Hexadecanoic acid; tetradecanoic acid; and 9-Octadecenoic acid. Therefore, the results of this study revealed that the methanolic extract of T. wilfordii was more potential in inducing anti-proliferative activity of WRL-68 and AsPC-1 human cell lines than the control. In addition, the current study was the first study that reported the anti-proliferative potential of T. wilfordii in the treatment of human embryonic liver WRL-68 cancer cells.


Assuntos
Alcaloides , Tripterygium , Humanos , Animais , Tripterygium/química , Metanol , Canais de Cátion TRPP , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Ácido Oleico , Ácido Palmítico , Ácido Mirístico , Flavonoides , Taninos , Fenóis , Anti-Inflamatórios , Acetatos , Linhagem Celular , Glicosídeos , Ésteres
5.
Mymensingh Med J ; 31(4): 1077-1083, 2022 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36189555

RESUMO

A cross sectional study was conducted in Paediatric Endocrine Outpatient Department of BIRDEM General Hospital, a tertiary care centre in Dhaka, Bangladesh among patients diagnosed with acquired hypothyroidism during the period of January 2012 to December 2016. The study was done to find out the clinical presentations and associated disorders of all patients diagnosed with acquired hypothyroidism during the study period. Data were obtained by reviewing the medical records of the patients. Total 277 children were diagnosed of having thyroid disorders. Among them 145(52.3%) had acquired hypothyroidism. The commonest clinical presentations of children with acquired hypothyroidism were short stature (35.0%), excessive weight gain (31.5%), goiter (23.1%) and poor school performance (14.0%). Autoimmune hypothyroidism was found in 34.4% of children, sub-clinical hypothyroidism in 27.5% children and positive family history was found in 15.2% children with acquired hypothyroidism. The common associated diseases were diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance (4.9%), Down syndrome (3.5%), congenital heart disease (2.1%) and primary adrenal insufficiency (1.4%).


Assuntos
Hipotireoidismo , Doenças da Glândula Tireoide , Bangladesh/epidemiologia , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Hipotireoidismo/diagnóstico , Hipotireoidismo/epidemiologia , Hipotireoidismo/etiologia , Centros de Atenção Terciária
6.
Mymensingh Med J ; 31(3): 725-732, 2022 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35780357

RESUMO

This cross sectional study was conducted in Paediatric Endocrine Outpatient Department of BIRDEM General Hospital, a tertiary care centre in Dhaka, Bangladesh among patients diagnosed with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) from January 2005 to December 2018. The study was aimed to find out the clinical and laboratory profile of all patients at presentation diagnosed with CAH during the study period. Data were obtained by reviewing the medical records of the patients. Total 102 children with CAH were diagnosed during the study period. Among them 68 were female and 34 were male (female to male ratio of 2:1). Median age was 3.5 month (range 0.2-158 month) and 5.5 month (range 1-108 month) in female and male respectively (p=0.42). Family history was available in 93 patients. Consanguinity was present in 16(17.2%), history of sib death in 12(12.9%), other family members were affected in 8(8.6%). Sixty patient (58.8%) had salt-wasting (SW), 39(38.2%) had simple virilizing (SV) and 3(2.9%) had non- classic form of CAH. Median age of presentation was 2 month (range 0.2-70 month) and 42 month (range 0.8-158 month) in SW and SV group respectively (p=0.001) and 119 month (range 108-152 month) in non- classic group. Common presentations were: genital ambiguity (64.7%), vomiting (46.5%), failure to thrive (41.6%), features of early puberty (precocious pseudopuberty) (24.5%), diarrhea (12.0%). Hyperpigmentation was noted in 49.0% of patients. Among the salt-wasting type in male failure to thrive (FTT) was the most common presentation (83.3%), followed by vomiting (75.0%). In female genital ambiguity was the commonest presentation (97.2%), followed by vomiting (77.1%). Among the simple virilizing type in male early puberty was the commonest presentation (100%) and genital ambiguity was the presenting feature in all the female (100.0%).


Assuntos
Hiperplasia Suprarrenal Congênita , Hiperplasia Suprarrenal Congênita/diagnóstico , Hiperplasia Suprarrenal Congênita/epidemiologia , Bangladesh/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Insuficiência de Crescimento , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Vômito
7.
Braz J Biol ; 84: e260092, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35674602

RESUMO

Ground beetles (Carabid beetles) may be found in virtually all of the world's habitats. They are one of the three most diverse families of extant beetles, with 34,275 species documented, and they serve as vital ecological markers in all environments. Edaphic living beetles catch and eat a wide variety of arthropods that live in the soil. In the case of weeds, most of the ground beetles eat their seeds and help regulate their populations. The findings of a field study in agrocenoses in South-East Kazakhstan from 2019 to 2020 are presented in this article. Twenty-seven ground beetle species from 9 genera were discovered as a consequence of the study. 670 soil traps yielded a total of 1012 beetles. Polytopic mesophilic beetles provide the foundation of the agrocenoses fauna. Hygrophils, mesophiles, and eurybionts are among the beetles found in irrigated areas, as are mixed and herbivorous species. The Carabidae family of beetles is the most numerous in fields and steppe settings. As a result, mixed-diet beetles can be found depending on the habitat and air temperature. The species of beetles in all fields in the investigation area are in accordance with the insects' complex. During the growth season, the diet of beetles shifts: predatory beetles take precedence initially, followed by mixed-diet beetles.


Assuntos
Besouros , Animais , Besouros/fisiologia , Produtos Agrícolas , Cazaquistão , Comportamento Predatório/fisiologia , Solo
8.
Braz J Biol ; 84: e260091, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35584460

RESUMO

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders affecting most social, economic and biological aspects of human life. Most patients with epilepsy have uncontrolled seizures and drug side effects despite the medications. Patients with epilepsy often have problems with attention, memory, and information processing speed, which may be due to seizures, underlying causes, or anticonvulsants. Therefore, improving seizure control and reducing or changing the anti-epileptic drugs can solve these problems, but these problems will not be solved in most cases. In this work, we looked at the effects of pioglitazone, a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor agonist used to treat type 2 diabetes, on pilocarpine-induced seizures in mice. The Racine scale was used to classify pilocarpine-induced convulsions. After that, all of the animals were beheaded, and the brain and hippocampus were dissected. Finally, biochemical techniques were used to determine the levels of Malondialdehyde and Catalase activity, as well as Superoxide Dismutase and Glutathione Reductase in the hippocampus. The results of this investigation suggest that pioglitazone's antioxidant action may play a key role in its neuroprotective properties against pilocarpine-induced seizure neuronal damage.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Epilepsia , Animais , Antioxidantes , Epilepsia/induzido quimicamente , Epilepsia/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Pilocarpina/uso terapêutico , Pilocarpina/toxicidade , Pioglitazona/efeitos adversos , Convulsões/induzido quimicamente , Convulsões/tratamento farmacológico
9.
Braz J Biol ; 84: e260090, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35613214

RESUMO

Ophiactis savignyi could be discovered all over the world in tropical marine environments. People could have aided in the spread of O. savignyi, particularly in the western and eastern populations of Panama's Isthmus. The brittle star Ophiactis savignyi, often known as savigny's brittle star, coexists alongside the sponge Geodia corticostylifera. The focus of this research has been to assess the functional relevance of G. corticostylifera secondary metabolites as antifoulant against mussels, protection against generalist fish, and chemical cues to affiliated brittle stars. Both in flow-through and static seawater laboratory studies, O. savignyi which has previously been connected with sponges, was given both treated and control mimics at the same time. The sponge extract was also tested for its ability to protect fish against predators and fouling. Deterrence test using chemicals indicated that the normal level of the sponge extract may also suppress generalist fish predation in the field as well as the mussel Perna perna's normal attachment in clinical contexts. According to the findings, G. corticostylifera crude extract has many roles in the aquatic environments, apparently being accountable for this sponge's tighter relationship with O. savignyi, which protects the ophiuroid and inhibits epibionts on itself.


Assuntos
Geodia , Animais , Peixes , Humanos , Comportamento Predatório
10.
Sci Rep ; 12(1): 1600, 2022 01 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35102262

RESUMO

Changing climatic conditions are thought to be a major control of human presence in Arabia during the Paleolithic. Whilst the Pleistocene archaeological record shows that periods of increased monsoon rainfall attracted human occupation and led to increased population densities, the impact of arid conditions on human populations in Arabia remains largely speculative. Here, we present data from Jebel Faya in Southeast (SE) Arabia, which document four periods of human occupation between c. 210,000 and 120,000 years ago. The Jebel Faya record indicates that human occupation of SE Arabia was more regular and not exclusively linked to major humid periods. Our data show that brief phases of increased rainfall additionally enabled human settlement in the Faya region. These results imply that the mosaic environments in SE Arabia have likely formed a population refugia at the end of the Middle and the beginning of the Late Pleistocene.

11.
Arch Razi Inst ; 76(4): 1054-1059, 2021 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35096341

RESUMO

A gram-positive bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus, which is widely distributed is considered as a bacterial infection that commonly infects the skin and mucous membranes. Such infections can be the cause of death and illness. In the present study by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR) the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) and MecA genes of S. aureus which were isolated from skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) in Baghdad, Iraq were investigated. This study included 96 S. aureus isolated from SSTIs and identified by Vitek. The results showed that 61 (63.5%) and 48 (50%) of the isolates were positive for PVL and MecA genes, respectively. This work presented an effective real-time PCR technique for detecting PVL genes alone or in conjunction with MecA. The rt-PCR allows for easier reaction monitoring and eliminates the need for post-PCR processing, saving both resources and time. Moreover, it is ideal for diagnostic applications because of its high sensitivity, simplicity, and specificity. Besides, the rt-PCR has an option to do all the procedures in an automated mode of action.


Assuntos
Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina , Staphylococcus aureus , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Toxinas Bacterianas , Exotoxinas/genética , Humanos , Iraque/epidemiologia , Leucocidinas/genética , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/genética , Proteínas de Ligação às Penicilinas/genética , Infecções Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico , Staphylococcus aureus/genética
12.
Mucosal Immunol ; 11(3): 1008, 2018 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29845976

RESUMO

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.45.

13.
Mucosal Immunol ; 11(1): 71-81, 2018 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28513596

RESUMO

The airway epithelium secretes proteins that function in innate defense against infection. Bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold-containing family member A1 (BPIFA1) is secreted into airways and has a protective role during bacterial infections, but it is not known whether it also has an antiviral role. To determine a role in host defense against influenza A virus (IAV) infection and to find the underlying defense mechanism, we developed transgenic mouse models that are deficient in BPIFA1 and used these, in combination with in vitro three-dimensional mouse tracheal epithelial cell (mTEC) cultures, to investigate its antiviral properties. We show that BPIFA1 has a significant role in mucosal defense against IAV infection. BPIFA1 secretion was highly modulated after IAV infection. Mice deficient in BPIFA1 lost more weight after infection, supported a higher viral load and virus reached the peripheral lung earlier, indicative of a defect in the control of infection. Further analysis using mTEC cultures showed that BPIFA1-deficient cells bound more virus particles, displayed increased nuclear import of IAV ribonucleoprotein complexes, and supported higher levels of viral replication. Our results identify a critical role of BPIFA1 in the initial phase of infection by inhibiting the binding and entry of IAV into airway epithelial cells.


Assuntos
Glicoproteínas/genética , Vírus da Influenza A/fisiologia , Influenza Humana/imunologia , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/imunologia , Fosfoproteínas/genética , Mucosa Respiratória/imunologia , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Glicoproteínas/metabolismo , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno , Humanos , Imunidade Inata , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Mucosa Respiratória/virologia , Replicação Viral
14.
Osteoporos Int ; 27(12): 3395-3407, 2016 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27562567

RESUMO

Counseling for patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and mild hypercalcemia without indications for surgical intervention requires accurate estimates of the potential benefits of parathyroidectomy. We aim to summarize the available evidence regarding the benefits of parathyroidectomy that patients with mild PHPT without indications for surgery experience compared to observation. We searched multiple databases from inception to August 2015. We included randomized controlled trials (RCT) and observational studies that evaluated changes in bone health, quality of life or neuropsychiatric symptoms, or in the risk of nephrolithiasis, cardiovascular events, or death between patients undergoing parathyroidectomy or active surveillance. Eight studies were eligible. Risk differences were not significant, in part due to lack of events (fractures, nephrolithiasis, cardiovascular events, or deaths). No significant differences were observed across measures of bone health, quality of life, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. A single RCT evaluating bone mineral density (BMD) changes at 5 years found a small statistically significant effect favoring parathyroidectomy. Patients with mild PHPT without indications for surgery experience a limited number of adverse consequences during short-term follow-up limiting our ability to estimate the benefit of surgery during this timeframe. This information is helpful as these patients consider surgery versus active surveillance. Long-term data is warranted to determine who benefits in the long run from surgical intervention and the extent to which this benefit affects outcomes that matter to patients.


Assuntos
Densidade Óssea , Hiperparatireoidismo Primário/cirurgia , Paratireoidectomia , Humanos , Hipercalcemia/complicações , Estudos Observacionais como Assunto , Qualidade de Vida
15.
J Water Health ; 7(2): 224-43, 2009 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19240349

RESUMO

Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are a group of chemical compounds with diverse physical and chemical properties. Recent studies have indicated undesired effects of EDCs and PPCPs at their reported trace concentrations (ng l(-1) to microg l(-1)). This paper reviews the current knowledge on the sources, properties, occurrence and health impacts of EDCs and PPCPs, and their removal from drinking water using ozonation and ozone/hydrogen peroxide-based advanced oxidation. The paper also examines the potential threats posed by these chemicals to drinking water and public health. While these compounds are known to have adverse effects on ecosystem health, notably in the fish population, a similar link is yet to be established between ingestion of these compounds through drinking water and human health. In addition, data on the effectiveness of existing methods for the removal of these compounds are not conclusive. Further studies are required to characterize risks, and also to evaluate and optimize existing removal processes. Also concerted international effort is urgent to cut down the risk of exposure and restrain the production and marketing of toxic chemicals.


Assuntos
Disruptores Endócrinos , Saúde Ambiental , Saúde Global , Preparações Farmacêuticas , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Abastecimento de Água , Animais , Humanos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/uso terapêutico , Indústrias/métodos , Oxidantes/uso terapêutico , Ozônio/uso terapêutico , Medição de Risco , Purificação da Água/métodos
16.
East Mediterr Health J ; 9(1-2): 45-54, 2003.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15562732

RESUMO

Basra, southern Iraq, was mapped for haemoglobinopathies and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Of 1064 couples aged 14-60 years recruited from the Public Health Laboratory, 49 had beta-thalassaemia trait, 69 had sickle-cell trait, 2 had haemoglobin D trait, 2 had haemoglobin C trait and 1 had high persistent fetal haemoglobin. Carriers of major beta-globin disorders comprised 11.48%. G6PD deficiency was detected in 133 individuals (12.5%). Only 10 couples (0.94%) were at risk of having children affected with either sickle-cell disease or beta-thalassaemia major. These defects constitute a real health problem and necessitate a management plan and public health education for early diagnosis and therapy.


Assuntos
Deficiência de Glucosefosfato Desidrogenase/epidemiologia , Deficiência de Glucosefosfato Desidrogenase/genética , Hemoglobinopatias/epidemiologia , Hemoglobinopatias/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Hemoglobina Fetal/genética , Frequência do Gene/genética , Triagem de Portadores Genéticos , Aconselhamento Genético , Testes Genéticos , Deficiência de Glucosefosfato Desidrogenase/prevenção & controle , Educação em Saúde , Doença da Hemoglobina C/epidemiologia , Doença da Hemoglobina C/genética , Hemoglobinopatias/prevenção & controle , Hemoglobinas Anormais/genética , Humanos , Iraque/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Epidemiologia Molecular , Avaliação das Necessidades , Vigilância da População , Prevalência , Características de Residência/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Risco , Traço Falciforme/epidemiologia , Traço Falciforme/genética , Talassemia beta/epidemiologia
17.
(East. Mediterr. health j).
em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-119242

RESUMO

Basra, southern Iraq, was mapped for haemoglobinopathies and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase [G6PD] deficiency. Of 1064 couples aged 14-60 years recruited from the Public Health Laboratory, 49 had beta-thalassaemia trait, 69 had sickle-cell trait, 2 had haemoglobin D trait, 2 had haemoglobin C trait and 1 had high persistent fetal haemoglobin. Carriers of major beta-globin disorders comprised 11.48%. G6PD deficiency was detected in 133 individuals [12.5%]. Only 10 couples [0.94%] were at risk of having children affected with either sickle-cell disease or beta-thalassaemia major. These defects constitute a real health problem and necessitate a management plan and public health education for early diagnosis and therapy


Assuntos
Epidemiologia Molecular , Hemoglobina Fetal , Frequência do Gene , Aconselhamento Genético , Testes Genéticos , Doença da Hemoglobina C , Hemoglobinopatias , Deficiência de Glucosefosfato Desidrogenase
18.
Pharmacol Toxicol ; 63(1): 46-51, 1988 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2840649

RESUMO

Brown trouts, Salmo trutta, were exposed to water containing 0.1 or 10 micrograms/l of 63Ni2+, alone or with potassium ethylxanthate or sodium diethyldithiocarbamate. After one and three weeks the accumulation and disposition of the 63Ni2+ in the fish were examined by liquid scintillation spectrometry and whole-body autoradiography. The sodium diethyldithiocarbamate was found to greatly enhance the uptake of 63Ni2+ in several tissues of the trouts. Potassium ethylxanthate was without effect. Diethyldithiocarbamate is known to form lipophilic complexes with metals, including nickel, and a facilitated penetration of the complexed nickel over the cellular membranes of the gills and other tissues is a likely mechanism underlying our results. The ethylxanthate is also able to form a lipophilic nickel-chelate, although of a lower lipophilicity than the nickel-diethyldithiocarbamate-complex. This variance in lipophilicity may explain why the disposition of the 63Ni2+ was affected by the diethyldithiocarbamate, but not by the ethylxanthate.


Assuntos
Ditiocarb/farmacologia , Níquel/farmacocinética , Salmonidae/metabolismo , Tionas/farmacologia , Truta/metabolismo , Animais , Fatores de Tempo
19.
Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh) ; 59(3): 204-8, 1986 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3799198

RESUMO

Oral administration of zinc pyridinethione together with 63Ni2+ or 109Cd2+ to mice resulted in increased levels of these metals in several tissues in comparison with animals given the metals alone. The disposition of the 63Ni2+ was affected more than the disposition of the 109Cd2+. Increased urinary excretion of the metals was also induced by the zinc pyridinethione. Determinations of chloroform:water partition coefficients showed that lipophilic complexes are formed at equilibrations between Ni2+ or Cd2+ and zinc pyridinethione. A facilitated penetration of the lipophilic metal complexes through the cellular membranes in the gastrointestinal tract and in other tissues is probably important for the observed results. Our data suggest that effects on the disposition of metals may play a role for the toxicity of zinc pyridinethione.


Assuntos
Cádmio/metabolismo , Níquel/metabolismo , Compostos Organometálicos , Piridinas/farmacologia , Zinco/farmacologia , Animais , Feminino , Cinética , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Solubilidade , Distribuição Tecidual
20.
Toxicol Lett ; 31(3): 249-55, 1986 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3014683

RESUMO

Intravenous administration of 63Ni2+ (as 63NiCl2) together with potassium ethylxanthate resulted in highly increased levels of 63Ni2+ in several tissues of mice in comparison with animals given 63Ni2+ alone. However, this effect was not observed when 63Ni2+ and potassium ethylxanthate were given orally. Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate was active in increasing 63Ni2+ concentrations after both intravenous and oral administration. Both ethylxanthate and diethyldithiocarbamate can form highly lipophilic complexes with nickel and a facilitated penetration of these complexes through the cellular membranes of the tissues probably explains the increased uptake of the metal. Xanthates are unstable at acid pH and degradation in the acid milieu of the stomach probably underlies the lack of effect at oral administration.


Assuntos
Ditiocarb/farmacologia , Níquel/metabolismo , Tiocarbamatos/farmacologia , Tionas/farmacologia , Administração Oral , Animais , Quelantes/farmacologia , Ditiocarb/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Injeções Intravenosas , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Tionas/administração & dosagem , Distribuição Tecidual
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