Synthesis of a novel Cu/DPA-MOF/OP/CS hydrogel with high capability in antimicrobial studies.

Today, with the indiscriminate use of antibiotics, we face the resistance of some bacterial strains against some antibiotics. Therefore, it is essential to report and synthesize new compounds with antimicrobial properties. A novel copper/dipicolinic acid-metal-organic framework cross-linked oxidized pectin and chitosan (Cu/DPA-MOF/OP/CS) hydrogel polymer was synthesized under environmental conditions with the controllable process, which uses biodegradable polymer compounds such as pectin and chitosan in its structure. The efficient physicochemical features of the synthesized Cu/DPA-MOF/OP/CS hydrogel using SEM, FT-IR, TGA, BET, XRD, and EDS/mapping were identified and confirmed. The newly synthesized Cu/DPA-MOF/OP/CS hydrogel showed activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains and fungal species, and significant antibacterial and antifungal properties were observed. In antibacterial activity, the MIC against Gram-positive species was in the range of 16-128 mg/mL, the MIC against Gram-negative species was in the range of 64-256 mg/mL, and the MIC against fungal species was in the range of 128-512 mg/mL. In antimicrobial evaluations, in addition to the MIC test, the MBC test, the MFC test, and the IZD test were performed, and the results were reported. The results were compared with commercial antibiotics in the market. Development of novel nanostructures based on hydrogel polymers with distinctive functionality can affect the performance of these nanostructures in different areas.

Recent advances in the use of inorganic nanomaterials as anti caries agents.

Caries is the most prevalent and widespread chronic oral disease. Traditional caries filling materials, due to their lack of anti-caries capabilities, can readily develop secondary caries. Nanomaterials proposed as an effective approach for caries treatment can inhibit biofilm formation. It also can not only reduce demineralization but also promote remineralization. In recent years, nanotechnology in anti-caries materials, particularly nano-adhesive and nano-composite resin, has advanced rapidly. Because inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) interfere with bacterial metabolism and inhibit biofilm development, inorganic NPs have emerged as a new trend in dental applications. Metal and metal oxide NPs by releasing metal ions, oxidative stress induction, and non-oxidative mechanisms showed significant antimicrobial activity. For applying metal and metal oxide NPs as anti caries agents, silver, zinc, titanium, copper, and calcium ions have been shown significant attention. Moreover, fluoride functionalized inorganic NPs were also employed to improve their efficacy of them. The fluoride-functionalized NPs can promote remineralization, and inhibit demineralization by enhancing apatite formation. In this review, we have provided an overview and recent advances in the use of inorganic NPs as anti caries agents. Furthermore, their antimicrobial, remineralizing, and mechanical impacts on dental materials were discussed.