[First French transfusions (1667-1668)]. / Les premières transfusions sanguines en France (1667-1668).

The pioneers of blood transfusion first appeared in the 17th century, mainly in France and England, through animal experimentation, followed by some attempts in the healthy or sick. In France, the names of Dom Robert and Jean-Baptiste Denis belong to the beginning of the adventure of transfusion. Transfusions were then made with a total lack of knowledge of immunological danger. Following the death of a transfused patient, a death most likely related to acute intravascular hemolysis, the practice of transfusion was prohibited, on both sides of the Channel, by decision of Parliament.

El costo estándar: teoría y aplicación / Standard cost: theory and application

El estudio muestra las ventajas de aplicar el Costo Estándar en instituciones de salud, tomando como ejemplo un Laboratorio Central perteneciente a un Hospital Docente-Asistencial. La investigación es de carácter descriptivo y analítico utilizando las pruebas estadística de promedio y desviación estándar para comparar los costos estándar con los costos observados. En la institución estudiada, la variación total de los costos debido a cambios de precio, cantidad y volumen, según factores trabajo e insumo, resulta desfavorable en los dos primeros meses del año. En Enero por cantidad y en Febrero por precio. Este tipo de estudio permite estándares y, en consecuencia, conocer las variaciones en relación a él (eficiencia), el análisis de sus causas y la toma de decisiones. Este sistema de costo permite la determinación de precios "reales" y avala, por tanto, la negociación con las instituciones financiadoras

[Irregular antibodies. A comparative study of 2 series of 20,000 subjects: one with a conventional identification test, the other with gel-test]. / Recherche d'anticorps irréguliers. Etude comparative sur 2 séries de 20,000 sujets, l'une avec identification en technique tube, l'autre en gel-test.

The results of irregular antibody screening in two successive series of 21485 and 19819 individuals were retrospectively analysed. All the irregular antibody screenings were performed with an autoanalyser according to Rosenfield and Lalezary [1, 2] but red cell antibody identification tests were not the same: conventional manual tests in the first series and gel-test Diamed in the second one. In spite of a bigger number of identification tests performed in the second series, the percentage of patients with irregular antibodies was approximately the same (2.27% and 2.22%) in each series. Analysis of identified specificities shows in the second series the increase of immune antibodies (+ 42.3%) especially antibodies with anti-Rh specificity and the decline of natural antibodies (- 28.9%) essentially of anti-Lewis b and P1 antibodies. The sensitivity of both the gel-test and the autoanalyser screening for identification of immune antibodies are more or less the same. The sensitivity of gel-test probably gives a safer transfusion but increases the workload of both the laboratory and the blood bank delivery service.

[Collection of anti-HBs hyperimmune plasma: stimulation by Genhevac B in weakly immunized donors]. / Collecte de plasma hyperimmun anti-HBs: stimulation par Genhevac B chez les donneurs faiblement immunisés.

The need for anti HBs globulin is still important in spite of the development of the HBs vaccination. Twenty-two plasma donors, immunized against Hepatitis B virus (HBV) with titers of anti HBs between 100 and 6,000 milli International Units per ml (mUI/ml), received two injections of Genhevac B Pasteur at a one-month interval, and a third injection two months later whenever the answer was still under 6,000 mUI/ml, which is the minimum necessary in order to obtain a specific globulin compatible with the National Standard (100 UI/ml) from plasma fractions. In this programme, no severe adverse reaction was documented, and the mean rate of anti HBs rose from 1,322 to 35,173 mUI/ml, with a mean multiplying factor of 20.2. This result was reached after the first injection in "responders"; the third injection did not increase the titer in "non responders". The titer was still above 6,000 mUI/ml after six months in all the donors with more than 1,500 mUI/ml before vaccination. This limit is suggested to select plasma donors for vaccination, and a booster injection could be proposed every six months.