Well-being and family support among elderly rural Mexicans in the context of migration to the United States.

OBJECTIVE: To explore perceptions of well-being, family support, and economic resources in relation to level of contact with migration to the U.S. among a sample of elderly males from rural Mexico. METHOD: The snowballing technique was used to obtain a sample of 372 participants. Four groups were created according to the level of contact with migration among older adults and their children. RESULTS: Greater level of contact with migration was associated with a higher likelihood that an older adult was literate, married or living with someone, self-employed, and retired or pensioned. In addition, greater level of contact with migration to the U.S. was associated with a higher level of perceived well-being, family support, and economic security. DISCUSSION: Elderly, rural Mexican men with a greater degree of contact with migration to the U.S. seem to have more security and well-being in their old age.

["Damage, not age, is what makes a person old": ageing and health in rural males]. / "No hacen viejos los años, sino los daños": envejecimiento y salud en varones rurales.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the social factors associated with the health status of elderly men, 60 years and older, who live in poverty in the rural areas of Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted between February and October 2002, in a convenience sample of 392 elderly men residing in rural areas of the states of Guerrero, Morelos and Jalisco states. A validated questionnaire was applied to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, general wellbeing, health problems, food consumption, and some indicators of mental health, personal strength and social support. Data analysis was performed with the SPSS v. 11. software, to obtain chi-squared tests; food intake measures were analized with one-way ANOVA. RESULTS: Study subjects were married or were widowers and had six children on average. A higher proportion of the elderly men of Morelos state reported to have suffered more illnesses and a higher consumption of alcohol when compared to the other two state groups. Sixty percent of the men in the study used both home remedies and medication for their health problems. More than one half of them did not receive adequate social support from their families. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that the process of ageing among rural elderly men is perceived as a burden, mainly because of the context of poverty in which they live. The lack of appropriate income and access to health services through adequate pension and retirement plans for the elderly poor is a problem that requires immediate attention.

"No hacen viejos los años, sino los daños": envejecimiento y salud en varones rurales / Ageing and health among rural men

OBJETIVO: Analizar los factores sociales asociados al estado de salud de hombres mayores de 60 años que viven en contextos de pobreza en áreas rurales de México. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: De febrero a octubre de 2002 se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal, descriptivo, con una muestra intencional de 392 adultos mayores residentes de zonas rurales de los estados de Guerrero, Morelos y Jalisco, utilizando un cuestionario especialmente diseñado y piloteado con anterioridad. Las variables de estudio incluyeron características sociodemográficas, bienestar generalizado, problemas de salud, consumo de algunos alimentos y algunos indicadores de salud mental, fuerza personal y apoyo social. Utilizando el paquete estadístico SPSS v. II.I se llevaron a cabo pruebas de Ji cuadrada de Pearson para variables categóricas; para analizar el consumo diferencial de alimentos se hicieron pruebas de ANOVA de una vía. RESULTADOS: Los ancianos de este estudio eran casados o viudos y tenían un promedio de seis hijos. Los ancianos de Morelos informaron haber padecido un mayor número de enfermedades y haber tenido un consumo más alto de bebidas alcohólicas, en comparación con los ancianos de los otros dos estados. De la muestra total, 60 por ciento notificaron el uso tanto de remedios caseros como de medicamentos para aliviar sus malestares de salud. Más de la mitad no recibía apoyo familiar adecuado. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que el proceso de envejecimiento entre los hombres participantes es percibido como una carga, fundamentalmente debido al contexto de pobreza en que viven. La falta de ingresos suficientes y acceso a servicios de salud a través de planes de pensión y jubilación adecuados para los ancianos que viven en pobreza, es un problema que requiere de atención inmediata.