Cultural Image of Older People during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has made evident the exclusion to which older people may be subjected for reasons of age. This study delves into the cultural image of older adults during the pandemic from the perspective of people between 60 and 81 years of age. Through a qualitative methodology, the voices of 37 people have been collected through in-depth interviews. Two main themes are derived from the inductive analysis: on the one hand, the devaluation of older people, and on the other hand, the positive image of the older population as older and valid. We conclude that people over 60 years of age in the Basque Country denounce the stigma of low capacity attributed to the older population during the pandemic. They reject the signs of age-based overprotection manifested during the pandemic and highlight the vital experience by which older people could be considered referents in situations of social crisis. They reflect on the initiatives necessary to improve the cultural image of the older population and point out the opportunities for active ageing, education based on values and intergenerational relationships.

Impacto psicológico de la COVID-19 en una muestra de profesionales sanitarios españoles / Psychological impact of COVID-19 on a sample of Spanish health professionals

Introducción: Tras declararse en marzo del 2020 el brote por el virus de la COVID-19 pandemia mundial, se decretó el estado de alarma en España. En esta situación, el personal sanitario está viviendo altos niveles de estrés por la sobrecarga de trabajo y las condiciones de este. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar los factores que pueden desestabilizar la salud mental de dichos profesionales en nuestro contexto.Materiales y métodosLa muestra estuvo compuesta por 421 profesionales de la salud. Los datos se recogieron mediante un cuestionario online que se les envió a través del correo electrónico. Se empleó el DASS-21 para evaluar las variables de ansiedad, estrés y depresión, y la EAI para medir las dificultades con el sueño. Además, se recogieron otras variables descriptivas de la muestra que podrían estar relacionadas con estos niveles de sintomatología psicológica.ResultadosLos resultados muestran que la pandemia de la COVID-19ha generado entre el personal sanitario síntomas de estrés, ansiedad, depresión e insomnio, con mayores niveles entre las mujeres y profesionales de más edad. Variables como haber estado en contacto con el virus o el miedo en el trabajo desencadenaron una mayor sintomatología.ConclusionesEn esta situación crítica, el colectivo de profesionales se sitúa en primera línea, por lo que está expuesto directamente determinados riesgos y estresores. Esto contribuye a que desarrollen sintomatología psicológica diversa. Consecuentemente, se recomienda ofrecerles ayuda psicológica para reducir el impacto emocional del COVID-19 y asegurar así no solo su salud mental, sino también el adecuado cuidado que dispensan. (AU)

Introduction: After the outbreak of the COVID-19 was considered a global pandemic in March 2020, the state of alarm was declared in Spain. In this situation, health professionals are experiencing high levels of stress due to the overload of work the pandemic is generating and the conditions in which they are working. The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors that can destabilize the mental health of these professionals in our context.Materials and methodsThe sample was composed of 421 health professionals. The data were gathered by an online questionnaire sent to them by e-mail. The DASS-21 was used to assess anxiety, stress and depression, and the EAI to measure sleep difficulties. In addition, other descriptive variables that could be related to psychological symptomatology were collected from the sample.ResultsThe results show that the COVID-19 pandemic has generated symptoms of stress, anxiety, depression and insomnia among health workers, with higher levels among women and older professionals. Some factors such as having been in contact with the virus or fear at work, triggered greater symptomatology.ConclusionsIn this critical situation, professionals are in the front line and therefore, are directly exposed to certain risks and stressors. This contributes to the development of diverse psychological symptoms. Consequently, it is recommended to offer them psychological help in order to reduce the emotional impact of the COVID-19, and thus, to ensure not only the mental health of our health professionals, but also the adequate care they provide. (AU)

Psychological impact of COVID-19 on a sample of Spanish health professionals. / Impacto psicológico de la COVID-19 en una muestra de profesionales sanitarios españoles.

INTRODUCTION: After the outbreak of the COVID-19 was considered a global pandemic in March 2020, the state of alarm was declared in Spain. In this situation, health professionals are experiencing high levels of stress due to the overload of work the pandemic is generating and the conditions in which they are working. The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors that can destabilize the mental health of these professionals in our context. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample was composed of 421 health professionals. The data were gathered by an online questionnaire sent to them by e-mail. The DASS-21 was used to assess anxiety, stress and depression, and the EAI to measure sleep difficulties. In addition, other descriptive variables that could be related to psychological symptomatology were collected from the sample. RESULTS: The results show that the COVID-19 pandemic has generated symptoms of stress, anxiety, depression and insomnia among health workers, with higher levels among women and older professionals. Some factors such as having been in contact with the virus or fear at work, triggered greater symptomatology. CONCLUSIONS: In this critical situation, professionals are in the front line and therefore, are directly exposed to certain risks and stressors. This contributes to the development of diverse psychological symptoms. Consequently, it is recommended to offer them psychological help in order to reduce the emotional impact of the COVID-19, and thus, to ensure not only the mental health of our health professionals, but also the adequate care they provide.

Satisfacción y fatiga por compasión en personal de enfermería de oncología: estudio descriptivo y correlacional / Compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue in oncology nursing staff: descriptive and correlational study

OBJETIVOS: (1) Conocer la percepción de Satisfacción y Fatiga por Compasión del personal de Enfermería de oncología; (2) estudiar la correlación entre variables sociodemográficas, profesionales y adaptativas (resiliencia, actitudes ante la muerte y personalidad) y la Satisfacción y Fatiga por Compasión y, (3) identificar variables predictoras para ambas dimensiones. MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo, correlacional, de corte transversal. 69 enfermeras (62.7%) y 41 técnicos en cuidados auxiliares de Enfermería (37.3%) de los servicios de Oncología de Bizkaia (Servicio Vasco de Salud) dieron respuesta al ProQOL-V, CD-RISC-10, PRAM y NEO-FFI-3. Los datos se recogieron entre septiembre 2018 y marzo 2019. El estudio estadístico con el SPSS.22 implicó pruebas chi cuadrado, comparación de medias, correlación de Pearson y regresión logística multivariante. RESULTADOS: El 66.4% (n=73) presentó alta Satisfacción, y el 41.8% (n=46) se situó en niveles moderados de Fatiga por Compasión. Las personas con estudios previos sobre la muerte y/o duelo se percibieron más satisfechas. La Satisfacción estableció correlaciones más fuertes con resiliencia y extroversión, y la Fatiga lo hizo con neuroticismo y resiliencia. Emergieron 4 variables predictoras para la Satisfacción: edad, formación, resiliencia, y amabilidad; y 4 para la Fatiga: evitación y aceptación de escape ante la muerte, neuroticismo y apertura. CONCLUSIONES: La alta relación hallada entre la formación y la resiliencia con la Satisfacción por Compasión puede servir de guía a las instituciones académicas y asistenciales para orientar estrategias formativas, preventivas e interventivas que permitan dotar a los equipos de enfermería oncológica de recursos que les permitan optimizar la percepción sobre su rol de cuidado

OBJECTIVES: (1) To determine the perception of Compassion Satisfaction and Fatigue of oncology nursing staff; (2) to study the correlation between Compassion Satisfaction and Fatigue and sociodemographic, professional and adaptive variables (resilience, attitudes toward death, personality); and (3) to identify predictors of the two dimensions. METHOD: Descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional study. 69 nurses (62.7%) and 41 auxiliary care technicians (37.3%) from the Oncology Services in Biscay (Basque Health Service) completed the ProQOL-V, CD-RISC-10, DAP-R, and NEO-FFI-3. Data were collected between September 2018 and March 2019. The statistical analysis with SPSS.22 included chi-square tests, comparison of means, Pearson's correlation, and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: 66.4% (n=73) showed high Compassion Satisfaction, and 41.8% (n=46) were at moderate levels of Compassion Fatigue. People with prior studies related to death and/or grief were more satisfied. Compassion Satisfaction had stronger correlations with resilience and extroversion, and Compassion Fatigue did so with neuroticism and resilience. Four predictor variables emerged for Compassion Satisfaction: age, prior learning, resilience, and agreeableness; and four for Compassion Fatigue: attitudes of avoidance and escape concerning death, neuroticism, and openness. CONCLUSIONS: The high relationship found between training and resilience with Compassion Satisfaction can serve as a guide for academic and health care institutions to orient training, preventive and interventional strategies to provide oncology nursing teams with resources that allow them to optimize their care role

Conducta antisocial: conexión con emociones positivas y variables predictoras / Antisocial behavior: Connection with positive emotions and predictor variables

El estudio tuvo dos objetivos: 1) Explorar las relaciones que existen entre la conducta antisocial (autoevaluada y evaluada por los padres) y variables como empatía, inteligencia emocional, autoestima, y dimensiones de personalidad (neuroticismo, extraversión, apertura, amabilidad, responsabilidad), e 2) Identificar variables que predicen la conducta antisocial. La muestra fue de 3.026 participantes de 12 a 18 años. Con un diseño descriptivo y correlacional se administraron 6 instrumentos de evaluación. Los resultados mostraron que los adolescentes y jóvenes de ambos sexos, con altas puntuaciones en conducta antisocial tenían significativamente: 1) menor capacidad de empatía (para ponerse en el punto de vista de otro); 2) menor capacidad de regulación emocional (control de estados emocionales); 3) menor nivel de amabilidad (cordialidad, altruismo); 4) menor nivel de responsabilidad (voluntad para lograr objetivos académicos); 5) mayor nivel de neuroticismo (inestabilidad emocional, sentimientos negativos); y 6) mayor nivel de extraversión (sociabilidad, asertividad, excitación). Las relaciones entre conducta antisocial y autoestima no fueron concluyentes. Bajo nivel de empatía, de amabilidad, de responsabilidad, alto nivel de neuroticismo, de extraversión, y mayor edad predijeron la conducta antisocial. La discusión enfatiza la importancia de implementar programas que fomenten el desarrollo socioemocional (comunicación, empatía, emociones, conducta prosocial…) para prevenir la conducta antisocial (AU)

The study had two goals: 1) To explore the relations between antisocial behavior (self-assessed and parent-assessed) and variables such as empathy, emotional intelligence, self-esteem, and personality dimensions (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, responsibility); and 2) To identify variables that predict antisocial behavior. The sample is made up of 3,026 participants aged between 12 and 18 years. Using a descriptive and correlational design, 6 assessment instruments were administered. The results showed that adolescents young people of both sexes, with high scores in antisocial behavior had significantly: 1) less capacity for empathy (take on the other’s viewpoint); 2) less capacity for emotional regulation (control of moods); 3) lower level of agreeableness (cordiality, altruism); 4) lower level of responsibility (will to achieve academic goals); 5) higher level of neuroticism (emotional instability, negative feelings); and 6) higher level of extraversion (sociability, assertiveness, excitement). The relations between antisocial behavior and self-esteem were inconclusive. Low levels of empathy, agreeableness, and responsibility, and high levels of neuroticism, extraversion, and being older predicted antisocial behavior. The discussion emphasizes the importance of implementing programs that promote socio-emotional development (communication, empathy, emotions, prosocialbehavior…) to prevent antisocial behavior (AU)