The Incidence of Perioperative Hypotension in Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal Surgery with the Use of Arterial Waveform Analysis and the Hypotension Prediction Index Hemodynamic Monitoring-A Retrospective Analysis.

Intraoperative hypotension (IH) is common in patients receiving general anesthesia and can lead to serious complications such as kidney failure, myocardial injury and increased mortality. The Hypotension Prediction Index (HPI) algorithm is a machine learning system that analyzes the arterial pressure waveform and alerts the clinician of an impending hypotension event. The purpose of the study was to compare the frequency of perioperative hypotension in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery with different types of hemodynamic monitoring. The study included 61 patients who were monitored with the arterial pressure-based cardiac output (APCO) technology (FloTrac group) and 62 patients with the Hypotension Prediction Index algorithm (HPI group). Our primary outcome was the time-weighted average (TWA) of hypotension below < 65 mmHg. The median TWA of hypotension in the FloTrac group was 0.31 mmHg versus 0.09 mmHg in the HPI group (p = 0.000009). In the FloTrac group, the average time of hypotension was 27.9 min vs. 8.1 min in the HPI group (p = 0.000023). By applying the HPI algorithm in addition to an arterial waveform analysis alone, we were able to significantly decrease the frequency and duration of perioperative hypotension events in patients who underwent major abdominal surgery.

Admission Lactate Concentration, Base Excess, and Alactic Base Excess Predict the 28-Day Inward Mortality in Shock Patients.

Base excess (BE) and lactate concentration may predict mortality in critically ill patients. However, the predictive values of alactic BE (aBE; the sum of BE and lactate), or a combination of BE and lactate are unknown. The study aimed to investigate whether BE, lactate, and aBE measured on admission to ICU may predict the 28-day mortality for patients undergoing any form of shock. In 143 consecutive adults, arterial BE, lactate, and aBE were measured upon ICU admission. Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) characteristics and Cox proportional hazard regression models (adjusted to age, gender, forms of shock, and presence of severe renal failure) were then used to investigate any association between these parameters and 28-day mortality. aBE < −3.63 mmol/L was found to be associated with a hazard ratio of 3.19 (HR; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.62−6.27) for mortality. Risk of death was higher for BE < −9.5 mmol/L (HR: 4.22; 95% CI: 2.21−8.05), particularly at lactate concentrations > 4.5 mmol/L (HR: 4.62; 95% CI: 2.56−8.33). A 15.71% mortality rate was found for the combined condition of BE > cut-off and lactate < cut-off. When BE was below but lactate above their respective cut-offs, the mortality rate increased to 78.91%. The Cox regression model demonstrated that the predictive values of BE and lactate were mutually independent and additive. The 28-day mortality in shock patients admitted to ICU can be predicted by aBE, but BE and lactate deliver greater prognostic value, particularly when combined. The clinical value of our findings deserves further prospective evaluation.