RESUMO
Background: In recent years, involvement of healthcare stakeholders in health technology assessment (HTA) has been discussed as helping the inclusion of social values in the decision-making process. The aim of our research was to identify and compare details from Kazakhstan, Poland and Bulgaria on their stakeholders' involvement in the HTA process. Information was sought on their identification, responsibilities, and regulation. Methods: We conducted a survey of seven types of stakeholders in the healthcare systems of Kazakhstan, Poland, and Bulgaria. They included patients and the public, providers, purchasers, payers, policy makers, product makers, and principal investigators. They were questioned on their involvement in the HTA process, and on the objectives of their participation. Results: Levels of involvement of different kinds of stakeholder varied between countries, reflecting political and administrative developments. There was full or partial agreement on the objectives of stakeholder participation. All respondents agreed that representatives of the ministry of health should be involved in selection of stakeholders for HTA. Conclusion: Progress has been made in the involvement of stakeholders, with interest in further development in all three countries.
RESUMO
Currently, Polish therapeutic entities are forced to operate in an extremely turbulent environment and pursue two main goals: economic and social. The aim of this article is to diagnose the relationship between profitability and financial liquidity in Polish self-government health care institutions by assessing basic indicators of financial liquidity and profitability. The scope of work covered 1017 self-government independent health care institutions, which systematically published their financial statements for 2016-2018. The subject of the study was to analyze the relationship between the levels of profitability and financial liquidity ratios. The study used statistical and tabular-descriptive methods. On the basis of the obtained results it can be stated that the relation between the return on sales, return on equity and return on assets and liquidity (current, fast and immediate) was positive and the strength of this relation was strong and statistically significant. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between short-term liabilities and the return on sales, assets and equity. The cash conversion cycle has a significant positive impact on profitability (and vice versa). CONCLUSION. Entities that had higher profitability also had a higher degree of liquidity. They were also more efficient in inventory management and paid their liabilities faster. Summarizing the results of the study, it can be concluded that those entities that had higher profitability also had a higher degree of liquidity. They were also more efficient in inventory management and paid their liabilities faster.
