Dietary papaya peel extract ameliorates the crowding stress, enhances growth and immunity in Labeo rohita fingerlings.

This study was designed to determine the effects of papaya peel extract (PPE) supplementation on the growth and immunophysiological responses of rohu fingerlings at different stocking densities. In this study, three isonitrogenous (307.2-309.8 g kg-1 protein) and isocaloric diets (16.10-16.16 MJ digestible energy kg-1) were prepared using three different inclusion levels (0, 5, and 10 g kg-1) of PPE. Four hundred and five rohu fingerlings (mean weight: 4.24 g ± 0.12) were randomly distributed into nine treatment groups in triplicates viz. low (10nos 75 L-1 or ≈ 0.565 kg/m3), medium (15nos 75 L-1 or ≈ 0.848 kg/m3), and high (20nos 75 L-1 or ≈ 1.13 kg/m3) following a completely randomized design. The study found that increasing stocking density negatively affected fish growth indices, such as weight gain percentage (WG%), feed efficiency ratio (FER), specific growth rate (SGR) and survival. In contrast, dietary PPE supplementation improved growth indices and survival (p < 0.05). We also observed that aminotransferase, lactate (LDH), and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activity increased with stocking density, whereas 5 and 10 g kg-1 PPE supplementation reduced LDH and MDH activity (p < 0.05). PPE supplementation positively affected serum indices, decreased glucose levels, and increased respiratory burst activity (p < 0.05). Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) expression was highest in the low- and medium-stocking density groups fed with 5 g kg-1 PPE, which also increased total immunoglobulin and myeloperoxidase activity while decreasing malondialdehyde concentration (p < 0.05). The results revealed that 5 g kg-1 dietary PPE supplementation could be used as a growth promoter and immunostimulant to improve immuno-physiological responses at low and medium stocking densities.

An Integrated biomarker approach for explaining the potency of exogenous glucose on transportation induced stress in Labeo rohita fingerlings.

Transportation of fish seed is a complex phenomenon associated with multiple kinds of stressors that simultaneously affect the fish in a confined environment, causing stress and mortality. The present study investigated the stress-relieving effect of exogenous glucose as a water additive in different concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4%) during simulated transportation (12 h) of L. rohita fingerlings. The integrated biomarker response (IBR) index is a holistic tool to determine the optimum dose of exogenous glucose for mitigating transportation stress in fish. Based on selected biomarkers related to the stress hormone, serum biochemistry, oxidative stress, and HSP70 mRNA expression, the IBR index is calculated for each treatment and control group. The result showed a significant change in the level of stress hormone cortisol, enzymes (SGPT, LDH, MDH, SOD, CAT) and metabolites (serum glucose, triglyceride, creatinine) along with an upregulation in liver HSP70 mRNA expression. IBR index suggests that 0.2% glucose exhibited the lowest multi-biomarker stress response in comparison to other treatments and control. Therefore, the use of 0.2% glucose as a water additive will provide a solution to transportation induced stress in L. rohita fingerling and will underwrite the success of grow-out fish culture in days to come.