Optimizing Root Canal Therapy: An In Vitro Comparative Study of Innovative File Systems on Mandibular Premolar Fracture Resistance.

INTRODUCTION AND AIM:  Root canal therapy is a vital procedure for saving teeth by removing infection and cleaning the complex root canal system. However, a delicate balance exists between thorough cleaning and preserving tooth strength. The study aims to evaluate the instrumentation effect of three innovative file systems, XP-endo® shaper, Reciproc®, and Self-adjusting file (SAF) on fracture resistance of mandibular premolars. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty single-rooted mandibular premolars were collected; a standard access cavity was prepared and the working length was established 1 mm short of the apex. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups(n=10). In Group 1, the shaping of the specimens was achieved using XP-endo® shaper; in Group 2, it was instrumented using Reciproc® file; and in Group 3, it was instrumented using SAF. All samples were decoronated and the roots were mounted vertically in acrylic resin and subjected to fracture resistance under a universal testing machine. RESULTS: Intergroup analysis was done by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test, which did not report a statistically significant difference (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: All three tested file systems were similar in fracture resistance. XP-endo® shaper exhibited better fracture resistance on root canal instrumentation when compared to Reciproc® and SAF although they are not statistically significant.

Genetic Impact on Bone Modulation-A Review Bridging Bioscience to Genetic Engineering.

Genes control approximately 60% to 75% of the variance of peak bone mass/density and a much smaller amount of variance in rate of loss. Bone mass increases during growth to a peak value and soon after begins to decline. Most of the genetic effect is exerted during growth and so influences peak bone mass; whether there is an additional genetic effect on the rate of bone loss is less clear. So, this article aims to place emphasis on various oral and systemic conditions that are manifested due to altered gene function. Genetic polymorphisms and mutations are simple, although the consequences of the mechanism are complex. The syndromic manifestation due to changes at genetic level will greatly affect the bone quality, which will ultimately affect any treatment prognosis. Hence, a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of bone remodeling helps to identify pathogenic causes of bone, skeletal diseases, and leads to the development of targeted therapies for these diseases. This review highlights notions on the connecting link between science and genetics as well as various oral scenarios where gene could bring about changes, resulting in deformities. There is an intense research awaited in the future which could intervene with the causes that bring about genetic modulations, so as to decrease the mortality rate of humans.

Effect of Long-term Immersion in Water and Artificial Saliva on the Flexural Strength of Two Heat Cure Denture Base Resins.

AIM: The aim of the present study was to compare and evaluate the flexural strength of heat-polymerized Lucitone 199 and SR Ivocap denture base resin materials which uses polymerization techniques of compression molding and injection molding respectively and effect of artificial saliva and distilled water on long-term. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety specimens each from both the materials measuring 65 × 10 × 3 mm were prepared. After the polymerization, flexural strength was calculated after 24 hours (control group) without immersing in the liquid medium. The test group specimens immersed in saliva and distilled water at 37°C was calculated for the flexural strength at 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months and 4 months. The flexural strength was measured using a universal testing machine. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) method was used to analyze the data, pairwise comparisons were done using Bonferroni post hoc test with a probability of less than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS: The evaluation showed that, despite the duration of immersion and type of acrylic resin, high flexural strength was seen with specimens immersed in saliva than specimens under distilled water. The higher flexural strength was seen in SR Ivocap compared to that of Lucitone199 with the p value less than 0.05 which showed significant statistically. CONCLUSION: From the results, we can conclude that the higher flexural strength was shown in specimens of SR Ivocap fabricated through injection molding technique compared to specimens of Lucitone 199 fabricated through compression molding technique after immersion in artificial saliva and distilled water for long term. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The homogeneous copolymer beads, the difference in the water sorption and powder to liquid ratios also affect the mechanical properties of the resins other than the type of resin used in the dentures base.