RESUMO
This report marks over 50 years of publication by Statistics Canada of annual reports on Tuberculosis Statistics. These years have witnessed what has been described as a conquest of tuberculosis in Canada. To quote George Jasper Wherrett in the Miracle of the Empty Beds: One hundred years ago the word consumption (as tuberculosis was then called) struck horror in human hearts. Today, in the western world, it barely evokes any emotion save a too easy surprise that it still exists. This statistical chronicle of tuberculosis in Canada is divided into two parts. Part I: From the Era of Sanatorium Treatment to the Present pulls together data from yellowed-with-age reports on tuberculosis and vital statistics, historical accounts, and modern computer files, to document the changes in tuberculosis incidence and mortality over past decades to the present. Part II: Risk Today and Control takes a closer look at those most vulnerable to contracting tuberculosis. It also looks at the future, the need for maintaining and, indeed, strengthening vigilance, and the work yet to be done to eradicate tuberculosis in Canada. The fight against tuberculosis is far from over.
Assuntos
Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Tuberculose/prevenção & controle , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/complicações , Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , Canadá/epidemiologia , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Indígenas Norte-Americanos , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento , Pobreza , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Silicose/complicações , Migrantes , Tuberculose/complicações , Tuberculose/diagnóstico , População UrbanaRESUMO
This report marks over 50 years of publication by Statistics Canada of annual reports on tuberculosis statistics. These years have witnessed what has been described as a conquest of tuberculosis in Canada. To quote George Jasper Wherrett in The Miracle of the Empty Beds: One hundred years ago the word consumption (as tuberculosis was then called) struck horror in human hearts. Today, in the western world, it barely evokes any emotion save a too easy surprise that it still exists. This statistical chronicle of tuberculosis in Canada is divided into two parts. Part I: From the Era of Sanatorium Treatment to the Present pulls together data from yellowed-with-age reports on tuberculosis and vital statistics, historical accounts and modern computer files, to document the changes in tuberculosis incidence and mortality over past decades to the present. Part II: Risk Today and Control takes a closer look at those most vulnerable to contracting tuberculosis. It also looks at the future, the need for maintaining and, indeed, strengthening vigilance, and the work yet to be done to eradicate tuberculosis in Canada. The fight against tuberculosis is far from over.
Assuntos
Hospitais Especializados/história , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Tuberculose/história , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Antituberculosos/administração & dosagem , Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , Canadá/epidemiologia , Criança , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Tuberculose/prevenção & controleAssuntos
Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis/métodos , Quarentena , Medicina Tropical , Saúde Global , Humanos , ViagemAssuntos
Cólera/prevenção & controle , Malária/prevenção & controle , África/epidemiologia , Sudeste Asiático/epidemiologia , Cólera/epidemiologia , Vacinas contra Cólera , Humanos , Malária/epidemiologia , México/epidemiologia , Quarentena , América do Sul/epidemiologia , Viagem , Organização Mundial da SaúdeRESUMO
Two groups of tuberculosis patients, phenotyped as either slow or fast inactivators of isoniazid, participated in a preliminary bioavailability study of a new INH-matrix preparation with sustained action. The absorption, excretion and metabolic patterns of the new form were compared with those of standard INH tablets in both sets of patients, using a crossover technique.The INH-matrix was more slowly absorbed by both slow and fast inctivators. When the latter were treated with 30 mg./kg. of the matrix formulation the blood levels attained were comparable with those observed in slow acetylators treated with 10 mg./kg. normal INH. Although this dose is three times that normally recommended with standard INH, blood levels remained within safe limits owing to the drug's slow release from the matrix.
Assuntos
Isoniazida/administração & dosagem , Tuberculose/tratamento farmacológico , Acetatos/administração & dosagem , Acetatos/sangue , Acetatos/metabolismo , Acetatos/uso terapêutico , Adolescente , Preparações de Ação Retardada , Feminino , Humanos , Isoniazida/sangue , Isoniazida/metabolismo , Isoniazida/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Fenótipo , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Twenty patients with chronic pulmonary tuberculosis completed eight months of rifampin-ethambutol treatment. Half the patients received daily 600 mg. rifampin and 25 mg./kg. ethambutol for the first two months and subsequently 15 mg./kg. The others received the same dosage of ethambutol and 450 mg. rifampin daily. The average time of sputum conversion was seven weeks and 11 weeks in the two groups respectively. The patients tolerated these drug regimens well.Rifampin blood levels and urinary excretion were studied monthly during the therapy. They indicated that after a short period of treatment the elimination of this drug became faster owing to increased excretion of rifampin, and particularly of its desacetyl metabolite, in the bile. Liver damage resulted in a slower excretion rate. Rifampin should be taken on an empty stomach because simultaneous food intake reduces the peak blood concentration.
Assuntos
Resistência a Medicamentos , Etambutol/uso terapêutico , Rifampina/uso terapêutico , Tuberculose Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Administração Oral , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Aspartato Aminotransferases/sangue , Proteínas Sanguíneas/análise , Etambutol/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Humanos , Contagem de Leucócitos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efeitos dos fármacos , Rifampina/administração & dosagem , Rifampina/efeitos adversos , Rifampina/sangue , Rifampina/metabolismo , Rifampina/urina , Escarro/microbiologia , Fatores de Tempo , Tuberculose Pulmonar/sangueRESUMO
Phenotyping for isoniazid inactivation in Canadian Eskimos and Indians showed that the former are all fast acetylators, while only 63.4% of the Indians examined belonged to the same group. Further studies are suggested to confirm this initial finding.During the investigation metabolic studies were carried out to devise a reliable urine test for phenotyping of isoniazid inactivators, to replace the fall-off technique which required venipunctures. The simplicity of the new urine test makes it suitable for mass examinations.