RESUMO
Breast cancer is a public health issue in numerous countries. Multidisciplinary collaboration is required for patient care, research, and also education of future physicians. This paper uses Kern's framework for curriculum design to demonstrate how a breast diseases module for undergraduate medical students created in 1993 evolved over 15 years. The main outcomes of program refinements were better integrated course content, the development of electronic course documents, and implementation of computer-aided small group learning. A main future challenge is to further develop efficient instructional strategies in line with well-defined learning needs for undergraduate students.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Educação de Graduação em Medicina/organização & administração , Relações Interprofissionais , Doenças Mamárias , Currículo , Feminino , Humanos , Aprendizagem , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de SaúdeRESUMO
Late toxicity and other serious adverse events (SAE) were analysed in the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) trial 22863. The study evaluated the value of adjuvant endocrine treatment for locally advanced prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy. From 1987 to 1995, 415 patients were randomised. There was long-term toxicity information for 377 patients (91%). Median age was 70 years (range 50-80 years). Median follow-up for late toxicity was 42 months (range 3-136 months). Toxicity was graded according to a modified Radiotherapy and Oncology Group (RTOG) scale. Other late SAE, that was not classified as severe treatment toxicity, but were still life-threatening, were also assessed. There were 72 patients with grade 2, 10 patients with grade 3 and 4 patients with grade 4 toxicity. There were 20 patients with other late SAE, who were grouped according to their relationship to treatment; likely related (n = 1), unrelated (n = 7) and not assessable (n = 12). Although four treatment-related deaths (1%) occurred, grade 3 or 4 late complications were less than 5%.
