Assuntos
Autoanticorpos/sangue , Encefalite Límbica/imunologia , Encefalite Límbica/patologia , Canais de Potássio de Abertura Dependente da Tensão da Membrana/imunologia , Lobo Temporal/imunologia , Lobo Temporal/patologia , Tonsila do Cerebelo/imunologia , Tonsila do Cerebelo/patologia , Tonsila do Cerebelo/fisiopatologia , Astrócitos/imunologia , Astrócitos/patologia , Atrofia/imunologia , Atrofia/patologia , Atrofia/fisiopatologia , Autoanticorpos/análise , Transtornos Cognitivos/etiologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/patologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/fisiopatologia , Progressão da Doença , Eletroencefalografia , Evolução Fatal , Gliose/imunologia , Gliose/patologia , Gliose/fisiopatologia , Hipocampo/imunologia , Hipocampo/patologia , Hipocampo/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Encefalite Límbica/fisiopatologia , Ativação Linfocitária/imunologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Microglia/imunologia , Microglia/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Convulsões/etiologia , Convulsões/patologia , Convulsões/fisiopatologia , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Linfócitos T/patologia , Lobo Temporal/fisiopatologiaAssuntos
Fístula Carótido-Cavernosa/complicações , Transtornos da Visão/etiologia , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Artéria Carótida Interna/diagnóstico por imagem , Fístula Carótido-Cavernosa/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Radiografia , Ultrassonografia Doppler em Cores , Transtornos da Visão/diagnóstico por imagem , Transtornos da Visão/patologiaRESUMO
A traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the basilar artery with a basilar-cavernous sinus arteriovenous fistula was diagnosed in a 12-year-old girl using CT, MRI and angiography. It was successfully treated by coil embolisation. We speculate on the mode of formation of this rare traumatic lesion.
Assuntos
Falso Aneurisma/etiologia , Fístula Arteriovenosa/patologia , Artéria Basilar/anormalidades , Seio Cavernoso/anormalidades , Acidentes de Trânsito , Falso Aneurisma/complicações , Fístula Arteriovenosa/etiologia , Seio Cavernoso/patologia , Angiografia Cerebral , Criança , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Embolização Terapêutica , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
A new device for the endovascular treatment of aneurysms is described. It consists of a guidewire-directed porous liner or bag, detachably mounted on a microcatheter and designed to be inserted into an aneurysm and to be filled with detachable coils or other embolic agents. Several prototypes have been made. Preliminary in vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated its behavior in relatively wide-necked aneurysms.
Assuntos
Cateterismo/instrumentação , Embolização Terapêutica/instrumentação , Aneurisma Intracraniano/terapia , Animais , Aneurisma Intracraniano/patologia , Modelos Cardiovasculares , Modelos Estruturais , SuínosRESUMO
Tentorial arteriovenous dural fistulae are uncommon. They are aggressive lesions: of all intracranial dural fistulae they are the most likely to present with haemorrhage. Treatment options include surgical excision or interruption of leptomeningeal draining veins and arterial embolisation in isolation or in combination with surgery. There has been one case report of treatment by percutaneous transvenous coil embolisation. We describe successful transvenous coil embolisation of two tentorial dural fistulae presenting with subarachnoid haemorrhage.
Assuntos
Fístula Arteriovenosa/terapia , Cerebelo/irrigação sanguínea , Dura-Máter/irrigação sanguínea , Embolização Terapêutica/instrumentação , Malformações Arteriovenosas Intracranianas/terapia , Fístula Arteriovenosa/diagnóstico por imagem , Angiografia Cerebral , Hemorragia Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Hemorragia Cerebral/terapia , Embolização Terapêutica/métodos , Desenho de Equipamento , Humanos , Malformações Arteriovenosas Intracranianas/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/diagnóstico por imagem , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/terapia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
Demonstration of fluid levels on MRI is well recognised in cerebral haematomas, tumours and cysts. The occurrence of fluid levels within haemorrhagic pituitary tumours has not previously been described in detail. Evidence of haemorrhage was identified in 27 of 125 pituitary tumours. Fluid levels occurred in 13 of these haemorrhagic tumours. No association with histological type was identified. Recognised risk factors for haemorrhage were identified in half of the cases.
Assuntos
Hemorragia Cerebral/diagnóstico , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Hipófise/patologia , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/diagnóstico , Adenoma/diagnóstico , Adenoma/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Hemorragia Cerebral/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/patologia , Fatores de RiscoAssuntos
Adenocarcinoma/secundário , Neoplasias Cerebelares/secundário , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adenocarcinoma/cirurgia , Adulto , Biópsia por Agulha , Neoplasias Cerebelares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cerebelares/patologia , Neoplasias Cerebelares/cirurgia , Ângulo Cerebelopontino/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Pulmão/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirurgiaRESUMO
A case of Listeria meningoencephalomyelitis is described and the MRI appearances of an abscess of the cervical spinal cord are presented. The MRI appearances did not allow a definitive diagnosis before death.
Assuntos
Abscesso/diagnóstico , Gases , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Meningite por Listeria/diagnóstico , Meningoencefalite/diagnóstico , Doenças da Medula Espinal/diagnóstico , Abscesso/patologia , Evolução Fatal , Humanos , Laminectomia , Listeria monocytogenes , Masculino , Meningite por Listeria/patologia , Meningoencefalite/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medula Espinal/patologia , Doenças da Medula Espinal/patologiaRESUMO
Intracranial gliomas can erode or thin the skull. These changes are detectable on conventional radiographs but they appear to be rare. Only a few examples of the appearances on computed tomography (CT) are recorded in the literature. This paper describes the CT appearances of 11 cases. All of the patients presented with epilepsy. In most the tumours were small and indolent. Some went undetected or misdiagnosed for several years because of a lack of familiarity with the appearances.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Epilepsia/etiologia , Glioma/diagnóstico por imagem , Crânio/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Adolescente , Adulto , Neoplasias Encefálicas/complicações , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Epilepsia/patologia , Feminino , Glioma/complicações , Glioma/patologia , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Crânio/patologiaRESUMO
Coronal plane computed tomography (CT) was performed in 26 consecutive patients with clinical suspicion of tarsal coalition. Twenty patients had plain CT and 6 had CT talocalcaneonavicular arthrography. Fifteen patients were found to have coalition. Of these 15 patients, 12 had talocalcaneal coalition (9 bilateral, 3 unilateral), 2 patients had combined talocalcaneal and calcaneonavicular coalitions, and the remaining patient had bilateral calcaneonavicular coalitions. Surgical findings corroborated the CT diagnosis in 9 patients with talocalcaneal coalition and in 2 patients with calcaneonavicular coalition. Ossified talocalcaneal coalitions were found in children aged 6 and 10 years, i.e., well below the conventionally stated age range of 12 to 16 years. CT is the investigation of choice in suspected tarsal coalition if plain radiography is not diagnostic. CT arthrography did not generally provide further information, but may be useful if plain CT is equivocal.
Assuntos
Deformidades do Pé/diagnóstico por imagem , Ossos do Tarso/anormalidades , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Adolescente , Criança , Deformidades do Pé/cirurgia , Humanos , Ossos do Tarso/diagnóstico por imagem , Ossos do Tarso/cirurgiaRESUMO
We studied eight patients with indolent gliomas. In all eight cases, despite characteristic radiological features, there was a delay in diagnosis because of misinterpretation of the initial computed tomogram. These tumours are an important cause of epilepsy of childhood, and surgery may well alleviate the epilepsy and possibly achieve a long term 'cure'. Therefore it is important that a diagnosis is made early and the lesion completely excised.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/complicações , Epilepsia/etiologia , Lobo Frontal , Glioma/complicações , Lobo Parietal , Astrocitoma/complicações , Astrocitoma/patologia , Astrocitoma/terapia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/terapia , Criança , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Epilepsia/patologia , Feminino , Lobo Frontal/patologia , Glioma/patologia , Glioma/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Oligodendroglioma/complicações , Oligodendroglioma/patologia , Oligodendroglioma/terapia , Lobo Parietal/patologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
Percutaneous angioplasty catheter balloons may rupture if over-inflated. Balloon inflation pressures are not always measured. We describe a simple and inexpensive method for limiting balloon inflation pressures, using no additional equipment.
Assuntos
Angioplastia com Balão/métodos , Angioplastia com Balão/efeitos adversos , Humanos , PressãoRESUMO
Primary carcinoid tumours are rarely detected in the small intestine by conventional radiological methods. The radiological features are presented of 11 patients with primary small-intestinal carcinoids, in whom the tumour was demonstrated by the barium infusion technique. In four of these patients the site of the primary tumour was also demonstrated angiographically. We have found these methods valuable in identifying primary carcinoid tumours and consider them to be the investigations of choice in evaluating patients with suspected or established carcinoid syndrome.
Assuntos
Tumor Carcinoide/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias do Íleo/diagnóstico por imagem , Síndrome do Carcinoide Maligno/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Idoso , Angiografia , Sulfato de Bário , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
A new design for a pediatric membrane lung is described in this paper. The lung consists of eight blood compartments, each having six U-shaped blood channels, with microporous PTFE membranes supported on rigid plates in such a way that the membranes form furrowed blood channels. Two rolling diaphragm pumps are attached to the open ends of the U-shaped blood channels; these pumps are operated in antiphase. Mean flow is provided by a roller pump placed at the inlet end of the membrane lung. Pulsatile blood flow within the blood channels produces successive vortex formation and ejection, leading to good blood mixing and high efficiency in gas transport. The design of the rolling diaphragm piston pumps ensures that the blood prime volume is low (280 ml), and the grouping of the pumps at one end of the oxygenator allows the driving mechanism to be simple and compact. The relatively wide blood channels (minimum width 0.5 mm) and vortex mixing make priming the membrane lung particularly easy. The membrane area is 0.39 m2. Preliminary performance testing of the pediatric membrane lung was undertaken by pumping blood around a circuit containing a roller pump, the membrane lung, and a bubble oxygenator (to adjust the blood gases at the inlet to the membrane lung). In five such experiments it was shown that the membrane lung transferred 80 ml O2/min and 120 ml CO2/min at a blood flow rate of 1.5 L/min.
Assuntos
Oxigenadores de Membrana , Troca Gasosa Pulmonar , Adulto , Transporte Biológico , Velocidade do Fluxo Sanguíneo , Gasometria , Pressão Sanguínea , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/terapiaRESUMO
Haemofiltration has been used since 1976 as an alternative to haemodialysis in the treatment of chronic renal failure (1). Ultrafiltration flow rates (UFR) from blood are slow and it has been observed that when blood or plasma is ultrafiltered using highly permeable membranes, the UFR reaches a maximum which is independent of trans-membrane pressure (delta Pm) (2). We have confirmed this result during steady flow through an ultrafilter employing polyacrylonitrile membrane (Rhône Poulenc AN 69) but have also shown that this maximum can be exceeded by a factor of eight in the same device when vortex mixing is induced by pulsing the blood flow over furrowed channels.