RESUMO
The goal of this study is to describe a rare case of acute systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) ocular involvement, followed by a rapid deterioration of the overall condition, and to then describe its successful treatment with therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE). In our case, a 21-year-old female, previously diagnosed with SLE, presented with a bilateral decreased vision for one week. Fundus examination and optical coherence tomography revealed subretinal fluid accumulation in both eyes and severe disc swelling with diffuse subretinal hemorrhages and perimacular whitening in the left eye. Despite systemic high-dose steroid therapy, the patient became worse, but immunosuppressive treatment was postponed due to fever and elevated serum leukocytes with the chance of systemic infection. She had undergone therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and was successfully treated. Preceding SLE ocular manifestation can be an indicator of the exacerbation of SLE, and TPE can be a treatment option for such progression.
