Effects of chemotherapy dose reductions in overweight patients with acute myeloid leukaemia: A Danish nationwide cohort study.

Overweight patients with cancer are frequently reduced in chemotherapy dose due to toxicity concerns, although previous studies have indicated that dose reduction (DR) of overweight patients results in comparable toxicity but may compromise overall survival (OS). Current evidence regarding DR in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is limited. To investigate the association between DR and outcome among overweight patients with AML we analysed a Danish nationwide cohort of overweight adult AML patients treated with remission induction chemotherapy. Among 536 patients identified, 10.1% were categorized as DR defined as 95% or less of full body surface area (BSA)-based dose. Risk factors for DR were high body mass index (BMI) and BSA, therapy-related AML and favourable cytogenetics. No significant differences were observed for rates of complete remission (CR), 30- and 90-day mortality between DR and non-DR patients. Furthermore, DR did not affect median relapse-free survival (RFS) [DR, 14.5 (95% confidence interval, 9.0-41.7) months; non-DR, 15.0 (12.3-19.3)] with an adjusted difference in five-year restricted mean survival time (Δ5y-RMST) of 0.2 (-8.4 to 8.8) months nor median OS (DR, 17.0 [11.9 to 45.5] months; non-DR, 17.5 [14.8 to 20.5]) with an adjusted Δ5y-RMST of 0.8 (-5.7 to 7.3) months. In conclusion, we found no statistically significant association between DR and outcomes among overweight patients with AML. However, we acknowledge the limited sample size and encourage further studies in this important subject.

Rehabilitation during intensive treatment of acute leukaemia including allogenic stem cell transplantation: a qualitative study of patient experiences.

OBJECTIVES: The diagnosis and treatment of acute leukaemia (AL) affect physical, psychosocial and existential functioning. Long-lasting treatment periods with impaired immune system, hygienic and social restrictions challenge patient well-being and rehabilitation as compared with other individuals with cancer. This study elucidates how AL patients, treated with curative intent in an outpatient setting, assess their physical, psychosocial and existential capability during and following treatment, and furthermore reports on the health initiatives offered to support their rehabilitation. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS: We conducted qualitative, semi-structured individual interviews with 16 AL patients, 6 months after end of treatment in the patients' homes. This was the final interview, in a line of three, carried out as part of a larger qualitative study. RESULTS: The data were analysed thematically through an inductive ongoing process consisting of four steps. The final step, selective coding, resulted in the three categories: physical activity, mental well-being and social activity. None of the patients were satisfied with their physical capability at the time of interview and experienced substantial impairment of functional capabilities. All patients struggled with anxiety and expressed a need for continuous progress in treatment and well-being to feel safe. It took an unexpected large effort to regain a meaningful social life, and patients still had to prioritise activities. CONCLUSIONS: AL patients suffered physically, psychologically and existentially throughout their illness trajectory. Rehabilitation initiatives deriving from the healthcare system and municipalities held room for improvement. Future programmes should pay attention to the contextual changes of treatment of this patient group and individuals' changing needs and motivation of physical exercise.

Living with outpatient management as spouse to intensively treated acute leukemia patients.

BACKGROUND: Spouses have a key position in the treatment of patients with acute leukemia (AL) who are increasingly managed in an outpatient setting. Patients live at home but appear at the hospital every second day for follow-up visits. Patients must adhere to specific precautions due to an impaired immune system, which challenges and influence the life of the whole family. This qualitative study, based on individual and group interviews with spouses to AL patients in curative intended treatment, elucidates how the intense and substantial caregiver role affects the everyday lives of spouses to AL patients in curative intended treatment. METHODS: Qualitative semi-structured group interviews (n = 6) and individual interviews (n = 5) with spouses to AL patients were conducted at different time points during the whole course of treatment. Theories of everyday life served as the theoretical framework. RESULTS: The spouses described their life as a constant state of vigilance and attention as a consequence of the responsibility they felt arising from the treatment in the outpatient setting. These made them experience their role as a burden. The social life of the spouses and the families suffered substantially due to the precautions that were instated in the home. However, many experienced that relations in the family were developed positively. CONCLUSIONS: Close relatives experience additional psychosocial burdens instigated by the outpatient management regimens. This is important knowledge for the health care system to include in future development of AL outpatient settings, to prioritize and support offers to the relatives that recognize their sense of burden. This could apply not only to relatives of AL patients but to the relatives of other severely ill patients as well.

Outpatient management of intensively treated acute leukemia patients--the patients' perspective.

PURPOSE: In recent years, patients with acute leukemia (AL) have, to a greater extent, been managed in an outpatient setting where they live at home but appear every other day for follow-up visits at hospital. This qualitative article elucidates how patients with AL experience the different conditions of the inpatient and outpatient settings and how they reflect on these transitions in order to create meaning in and keep up everyday life. METHODS: Qualitative semi-structured individual interviews twice with each AL patient focusing on the outpatient setting, impact on everyday life, responsibility and the home were performed. Twenty-two patients were interviewed the first time, and 15 of these were interviewed the second time. The data were analyzed in an everyday life relational perspective. RESULTS: Outpatient management facilitates time to be administrated by the patients and thereby the possibility of maintaining everyday life, which was essential to the patients. The privacy ensured by the home was important to patients, and they accepted the necessary responsibility that came with it. However, time spent together with fellow patients and their relatives was an important and highly valued part of their social life. CONCLUSIONS: Approached from the patient perspective, outpatient management provided a motivation for patients as it ensured their presence at home and provided the possibility of taking part in everyday life of the family, despite severe illness and intensive treatment. This may suggest a potential for extending the outpatient management further and also for patient involvement in own care.