RESUMO
In this review we present the behavioral aspects of interaction in people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), taking into account some aspects of pharmacotherapy. In the treatment of people with ASD, an individual approach to emotional, social and cognitive functioning is very important. The specificity of symptoms and their severity in people with ASD results from deficits/disfunction of various areas of the brain and is associated with different levels of intelligence. This manuscript considers selected methods of interaction with ASD patients with normal IQ. Due to the different ways of functioning, these people often find it difficult to adapt to social expectations. The most important thing is to understand their perception of themselves and the world around them in order to support them in coping with the daily challenges. Due to the increasing problem, more and more attention is being focused on early detection of ASD, what allows to intervene as fast as possible and in consequence affect the quality of life of people with this dysfunctions. However, participants with mild autism symptoms are still difficult to diagnose in the practice. The effectiveness of the therapy depends largely on the cooperation of educational institutions. It is also necessary to contact specialist clinics, including a mental health counseling center. However, in the case of children and adolescents, the cooperation between the therapist and their parents is the basis. Systemic family therapy is also important in adults with ASD. An overview of the methods of therapeutic interactions in ASD, what may be helpful in diagnosing of mild ASD, were presented in our manuscript.
RESUMO
UNLABELLED: Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD) and mixed dementia (MD) are the most common dementia diseases among the elderly. Currently, there is no effective treatment of these diseases and, therefore, it seems justified to develop the principles of prevention, taking into account the elimination of risk factors. Among them folic acid deficiency may play an important role. THE AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate possible relationship of folate deficiency with the development of selected dementia diseases: vascular dementia (VaD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), mixed dementia (MD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study involved 166 people, including 47 people with the diagnosis of AD, 41 with VaD and 36 with MD. The control group consisted of 42 persons without cognitive impairment. All patients underwent a general physical, neurological, psychiatric and extensive neuropsychological examination, as well as routine blood and biochemical screening tests and neuroimaging. The level of serum folate (Fol) was measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. To assess the correlation of Fol level with the cognitive impairment neuropsychometric scales: Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) were used. RESULTS: In patients with dementia, compared with the control group, there were significantly lower levels of folic acid (p = 0.04). There was no difference in the concentration of Fol in groups of patients (p = 0.0889). In people without cognitive impairment (CDR 0) levels of folic acid were significantly higher compared to the group with moderate dementia (CDR 2, p = 0.0475). CONCLUSIONS: The results may suggest that folic acid deficiency is one of the possible causes of dementia, but does not determine its type. Determination of serum Fol in the elderly and supplementation of this vitamin deficiency may play an important role in the prevention of the most common dementias.
