Mechanical and morphological responses of osteoblast-like cells to two-photon polymerized microgrooved surfaces.

Microgrooved surfaces are recognized as an important strategy of tissue engineering to promote the alignment of bone cells. In this work, we have investigated the mechanical and morphological aspects of osteoblasts cells after interaction with different micro-structured polymeric surfaces. Femtosecond laser writing technique was used for the construction of circular and parallel microgrooved patterns in biocompatible polymeric surfaces based on pentaerythritol triacrylate. Additionally, we have studied the influence of the biocompatible TiO2 nanocrystals (NCs) related to the cell behavior, when incorporated to the photoresin. The atomic force microscopy technique was used to investigate the biomechanical reaction of the human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells for the different microgroove. It was demonstrated that osteoblasts grown on circular microgrooved surfaces exhibited significantly larger Young's modulus compared to cells sown on flat films. Furthermore, we could observe that TiO2 NCs improved the circular microgrooves effects, resulting in more populated sites, 34% more elongated cells, and increasing the cell stiffness by almost 160%. These results can guide the design and construction of effective scaffold surfaces with circular microgrooves for tissue engineering and bone regeneration.

Measuring the topological charge of coherence vortices through the geometry of the far-field cross-correlation function.

Determination of orbital angular momentum of optical vortex beams has attracted the attention of many researchers over the last few years. For some applications, it is convenient to use a partially coherent vortex beam because of its robustness. In this work, we developed a method to measure the topological charge of a partially coherent vortex beam. Our method relies simply in the measurement of the minimum radius of a zero contour of the modulus of the cross-correlation function and in the measurement of the full width at half maximum of its central spot.

Sorting of spatially incoherent optical vortex modes.

Coherent optical vortices have promising applications in quantum and classical optical communication. They add new degrees of freedom to code information. In this context, to implement a tool enabling sorting of spatially multiplexed vortex states is fundamental. By other hand, spatially incoherent vortices can be more robust in propagation through noise media, such as turbulent atmosphere or obstacles that block part of the light. Therefore, in this work we propose directly applying a high-resolution sorting scheme to spatially incoherent vortex states.

Method to define non-diffracting optical beams mimicking the shape of simple plane curves.

We theoretically and experimentally demonstrate a method to define non-diffracting beams with different geometries. Our findings constitute an alternative to current methods for finding non-diffracting beams, which rely on the solution of the wave equation in a given coordinate system that has a limited number of possibilities or uses a complicated and time-consuming optimization algorithm. Therefore, the method is easier to follow, because it does not require optimization and allows one to obtain non-diffracting beams mimicking the geometry of simple plane curves. The method could find applications in manipulation of matter with optical waves, such as colloidal and living particles, and in quantum, nonlinear, and atom optics.

Talbot effect with partially coherent interfering Bessel beams.

We studied the free-space propagation of interfering partially coherent Bessel beams. The partially coherent superimposed Bessel beams were generated by diffracting a spatially incoherent light by two concentric circular slits. We observed a Talbot effect in the random intensity pattern and in the intensity correlation. We showed that the Talbot length depends only on the radii of the circular slits. We explained this effect on the basis of the plane-wave decomposition of spatially random fields.

Direct Measurement of the Topological Charge in Elliptical Beams Using Diffraction by a Triangular Aperture.

We introduce a simple method to characterize the topological charge associated with the orbital angular momentum of a m-order elliptic light beam. This method consists in the observation of the far field pattern of the beam carrying orbital angular momentum, diffracted from a triangular aperture. We show numerically and experimentally, for Mathieu, Ince-Gaussian, and vortex Hermite-Gaussian beams, that only isosceles triangular apertures allow us to determine in a precise and direct way, the magnitude m of the order and the number and sign of unitary topological charges of isolated vortices inside the core of these beams.

Three-Dimensional Speckle Light Self-Healing-Based Imaging System.

Recently new methodologies for imaging have been achieved making use of multiple light scattering. Here we present the self-healing effect using a speckled light field. We present an experiment that constitutes a useful application for a three-dimensional light sheet-based imaging system through an inhomogeneous medium. Each layer can be imaged independently of the others. The axial resolution basically depends on the coherence length, which can be sub-wavelength and controllable. This allows for a simple and direct technique for imaging through scattering layers with axial resolution improvement. Our results may find applications not only in bio-microscopy systems but also in data transmission.

Talbot effect in optical lattices with topological charge.

We studied the interference resulting from the superposition of optical lattices, which are non-diffracting fields propagating in free space, and showed a Talbot self-imaging effect. These lattices are formed by spatially Fourier transforming a "quasi"-orbital angular momentum (OAM) state. We experimentally observed that although the Talbot images change, the Talbot length is insensitive to the topological charge of the "quasi"-OAM state. Our findings can be useful for laser-written photonic lattices.

Robustness of a coherence vortex.

We study, experimentally and theoretically, the behavior of a coherence vortex after its transmission through obstacles. Notably, we find that such a vortex survives and preserves its effective topological charge. Despite suffering changes on the modulus of the coherence function, these changes disappear during propagation.

Characterizing coherence vortices through geometry.

We produce coherence vortices experimentally and numerically due to the orbital angular momentum of light beams and study the dependence of their bright ring area and dark region on their different orders. This is a linear dependence with a slope proportional to the bright ring area or dark area. We show that it is possible to estimate any order of coherence vortices, including fractional orders, just by calculating the bright ring area or dark area of the vortices for some specific parameters of the incident beam.

Self-reconfiguration of a speckle pattern.

It is well known that coherent Bessel beam, a nondiffracting class of beam, possesses the ability of self-reconstructing or self-healing in the presence of obstacles. Here, we generated partially coherent Bessel and Gaussian beams using a spatial light modulator and studied the speckle pattern intensity in propagation after some speckles were blocked. We demonstrated that these partially coherent beams are unexpectedly robust against scattering by objects, overcoming the coherent Bessel beam and remaining independent of any special class of partially coherent beams.

Unveiling square and triangular optical lattices: a comparative study.

We study square and triangular optical lattice formation using a diffraction technique with light-possessing orbital angular momentum (OAM). We demonstrate that it is possible to use Fraunhofer diffraction of light by a square aperture to unveil OAM about two times bigger than would be possible with a triangular aperture. We notice that the pattern remains truncated until a topological charge (TC) equal to 20 with good precision. Even though a square pattern cannot be used to determine the TC sign, it is possible to measure high order of the modulus and sign of the TC up to 20, combining patterns of the triangular and square apertures.

Study of the birth of a vortex at Fraunhofer zone.

We analytically and experimentally study the Fraunhofer diffraction of an optical vortex beam possessing noninteger values of the azimuthal index. We show that the Fraunhofer diffraction of this beam presents the birth of a vortex at α=n+ε, where n is an integer number and ε is a small fraction. We discuss this behavior on the basis of the born vortex movement from a position of low intensity to high intensity when α is increased of an integer number in fractional steps of ε.

Engineering a square truncated lattice with light's orbital angular momentum.

We engineer an intensity square lattice using the Fraunhofer diffraction of a Laguerre-Gauss beam by a square aperture. We verify numerically and experimentally that a perfect optical intensity lattice takes place only for even values of the topological charge. We explain the origin of this behavior based on the decomposition of the patterns. We also study the evolution of the lattice formation by observing the transition from one order to the next of the orbital angular momentum varying the topological charge in fractional steps.

Fraunhofer diffraction of light with orbital angular momentum by a slit.

We study the Fraunhofer diffraction problem while taking into account the orbital angular momentum of light. In this case, the phase singularity of the light beam is incident on the slit in two different cases: in one, it is incident slightly above the slit, and in the other it is centered on the slit. We observed that the symmetry and the fringe formation in the interference pattern strongly depend on the amount of orbital angular momentum and the slit position in relation to the beam.