Isolation, culture, and characterization of chicken lung-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

Using lung tissues separated from 12-day-old chicken embryos, we attempted to obtain a novel population of stem cells, namely, chicken lung-derived mesenchymal stem cells (LMSCs), which exhibit spindle-like morphology. The results of colony-forming assay and population doubling assay demonstrated that LMSCs had enormous colony-forming, self-renewal, and proliferative potential. When appropriately induced, LMSCs could differentiate into osteoblasts, adypocytes, chondrocytes, and neurons; in other words, LMSCs had cross-embryonic layer differentiation potential under corresponding induction conditions. Aside from colony-forming, self-renewal, and multilineage differentiation capabilities, LMSCs were characterized by specific cell phenotypes. The results of immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry demonstrated that LMSCs consistently expressed OCT-4 - a specific gene marker expressed in pluripotent stem cells - and markers associated with MSCs such as CD29, CD73, CD90, and CD105. However, LMSCs lacked hematopoietic cell surface molecules such as CD34 and CD45. Primary LMSCs could be subcultured to passage 24 at most in vitro and karyotype analysis demonstrated that LMSCs possessed genomic stability. These unique characteristics were consistent with the characteristics of MSCs, which had been isolated from other tissues. This provides a foundation for LMSCs as a promising avenue for cellular transplantation therapy, regenerative medicine, and tissue engineering.

En utilisant du tissu pulmonaire disséqué d'embryons de poulets âgés de 12 jours, nous avons tenté d'obtenir une nouvelle population de cellules souches, nommément, des cellules souches mésenchymateuses dérivées de poumon de poulet (CSMPs), qui montrent une morphologie apparentée à de cellules fusiformes.Les résultats des tests de formation de colonies et de doublement de la population ont démontré que les CSMPs avaient un potentiel énorme de formation de colonies, d'auto-régénération, et de prolifération. Lorsqu'induites de manière appropriée, les CSMPs pouvaient se différencier en ostéoblastes, en adipocytes, en chondrocytes, et en neurones; en d'autres termes, en fonction des conditions d'induction correspondantes, les CSMPs avaient un potentiel de différenciation croisé entre les couches embryonnaires. Outre la formation de colonies, l'auto-régénération, et les capacités de différenciation multi-lignées, les CSMPs étaient caractérisées par des phénotypes cellulaires spécifiques. Les résultats d'analyses par immunohistochimie et cytométrie de flux ont démontré que les CSMPs exprimaient de manière constante OCT-4 ­ un marqueur de gène spécifique exprimé dans les cellules souches pluripotentes ­ et des marqueurs associés avec des cellules souches mésenchymateuses (CSMs) tels que CD29, CD73, CD90, et CD105. Toutefois, les CSMPs n'avaient pas de molécules de surface des cellules hématopoïétiques telles que CD34 et CD45. Les CSMPs primaires pouvaient être sous-cultivées in vitro au moins jusqu'au passage 24 et l'analyse du caryotype a démontré que les CSMPs possédaient une stabilité génétique.Ces caractéristiques uniques étaient en lien avec les caractéristiques de CSMs isolées d'autres tissus. Ceci fourni une base pour considérer les CSMPs comme une avenue prometteuse pour la thérapie par transplantation cellulaire, la médecine régénérative, et l'ingénierie tissulaire.(Traduit par Docteur Serge Messier).

Redox Structures of Humic Acids Derived From Different Sediments and Their Effects on Microbial Reduction Reactions.

Herein, we investigated the chemical, electrochemical, and spectroscopic characteristics of humic acids (HAs) extracted from sediments of different origin [Ling Qiao river, Xi Xi wetland, Qi Zhen lake (QZ), and Hu Zhou pond in Zhejiang province, China], paying particular attention to their role in the enhancement of nitrate and FeOOH reduction. Notably, the highest C/N ratio (16.16), O/C ratio (1.89), and Fe content (11.57 g kg-1 sample) were observed for HAs extracted from QZ sediment. Cyclic voltammetry analyses confirmed that all HAs contained redox-active groups and exhibited redox potentials between -0.36 and -0.28 V vs. the standard hydrogen electrode. All HAs showed similar Fourier transform infrared spectra with variable absorption intensity, the spectra verified the presence of aromatic C=C, C-H, and C=O of quinone ketones group in HAs. Electron spin resonance suggested that quinone moieties within HAs are the redox-active centers. All HAs promoted the microbial reduction of nitrate and amorphous FeOOH by Shewanella oneidensis strain MR-1, achieving high nitrate reduction extents of 79-98.4%, compared to the biotic and abiotic control values of 29.6 and 0.006%, respectively. The corresponding extents of Fe(II) production equaled 43.25-60.5%, exceeding those of biotic and abiotic controls (28.5 and 0.005%, respectively). In addition to the highest C/N, O/C ratio, and Fe content, HA extracted from QZ sediment also exhibited the highest nitrate and FeOOH reduction performances. Although the proportion of organic redox-active carbon is small, the potential electron-mediating ability is not ignorable. HAs are redox active for enhancing microbial reduction of nitrate and amorphous FeOOH regardless of the location or texture of parent sediments, implying their great potential for acting as redox mediator in enhancing multiple microbial reduction, thereby affecting various biogeochemical processes (i.e., iron cycle, nitrogen cycle, etc.) as well as in situ remediation in anaerobic environment.

Multilineage potential research of Beijing duck amniotic mesenchymal stem cells.

Amnion, which is usually discarded as medical waste, is considered as abundant sources for mesenchymal stem cells. In human and veterinary medicine, the multipotency of mesenchymal stem cells derived from amnion (AMSCs) together with their plasticity, self-renewal, low immunogenicity and nontumorigenicity characteristics make AMSCs a promising candidate cell for cell-based therapies and tissue engineering. However, up till now, the multipotential characteristics and therapeutic potential of AMSCs on preclinical studies remain uncertain. In this work, we successfully obtained AMSCs from Beijing duck embryos in vitro, and also attempted to detect their biological characteristics. The isolated AMSCs were phenotypically identified, the growth kinetics and karyotype were tested. Also, the cells were positive for MSCs-related markers (CD29, CD71, CD105, CD166, Vimentin and Fibronection), while the expression of CD34 and CD45 were undetectable. Additionally, AMSCs also expressed the pluripotent marker gene OCT4. Particularly, when appropriately induced, AMSCs could be induced to trans-differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes and neurocytes in vitro. Together, these results demonstrated that the isolated AMSCs maintained their stemness and proliferation in vitro, which may be useful for future cell therapy in regenerative medicine.

Isolation and biological characterization of mesenchymal stem cells from goose dermis.

The skin is a natural target of stem cell research because of its large size and easy accessibility. Cutaneous mesenchymal stem cells have shown to be a promising source of various adult stem cell or progenitor cell populations, which provide an important source of stem cell-based investigation. Nowadays, much work has been done on dermal-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs) from humans, mice, sheep, and other mammals, but the literature on avian species has been rarely reported. As an animal model, the goose is an endemic species abounding in dermal tissues which is important in the global economy. In this study, we isolated and established the mesenchymal stem cell line from dermis tissue of goose, which were subcultured to passage 21 in vitro without loss of their functional integrity in terms of morphology, renewal capacity, and presence of mesenchymal stem cell markers. Cryopreservation and resuscitation were also observed in different passages. To investigate the biological characteristics of goose DMSCs, immunofluorescence, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and flow cytometry were used to detect the characteristic surface markers. Growth curves and the capacity of colony forming were performed to test the self-renew and proliferative ability. Furthermore, the DMSCs are induced to osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes in vitro. Our results suggest that DMSCs isolated from goose embryos possess similar biological characteristics to those from other species. The methods in establishment and cultivation of goose DMSCs line demonstrated a good self-renew and expansion potential in vitro, which provided a technological platform for preserving the valuable genetic resources of poultry and a great inspiration for in vitro investigation of avian MSCs.