RESUMO
To determine the level of genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among Tibetan yak populations, the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 (COIII) genes of 378 yak individuals from 16 populations were analyzed in this study. The results showed that the length of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 gene sequences was 781 bp, with nucleotide frequencies of 29.2, 29.4, 26.1, and 15.2% for T, C, A, and G, respectively. A total of 26 haplotypes were identified, with 69 polymorphic sites, including 11 parsimony-informative sites and 58 single-nucleotide polymorphism sites. No deletions/insertions were found in sequence comparison, indicating that nucleotide mutation types were transitions and transversions. Haplotype and nucleotide diversities were 0.562 and 0.00138, respectively, indicating a high level of genetic diversity in Tibetan yak populations. Phylogenetic relationship analysis indicated that Tibetan yak populations are divided into 2 groups.
Assuntos
Bovinos/genética , Complexo IV da Cadeia de Transporte de Elétrons/genética , Variação Genética , Genética Populacional , Animais , Bovinos/classificação , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Evolução Molecular , Haplótipos , Filogenia , Filogeografia , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Análise de Sequência de DNA , TibetRESUMO
The separation of 1-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-2-indolone (DCI) and related materials in the synthesis of medical intermediate DCI from 2, 6-dichlorophenol and phenylamine was investigated with high performance liquid chromatography under different chromatographic conditions. The results showed that DCI and related materials were in baseline separation by using CLC-CN(150 mm x 6.0 mm i.d., 7 microns) as column, MeOH-H2O(6:4, V/V) as mobile phase and a flow-rate at 1 mL/min. A rapid, accurate and reproducible HPLC method for determining DCI was developed. Fine and crude DCI samples were detected, results showed that N-(2,6-dichlorodiphenyl)-chloracetyl amide (CBCC) was the main impurity in fine sample, and CBCC and 2,6-dichlorodiphenylamine were the main impurities in the crude one.
Assuntos
Compostos de Anilina/isolamento & purificação , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/síntese química , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/isolamento & purificação , Clorofenóis/isolamento & purificação , Indóis/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
123I- and 131I-labeled hexadecenoic acid (IHDA, radiochemical purity over 92%, dissolved in 6% bovine serum albumin solution) was investigated in vivo. ICR mice were administered IHDA via the tail vein. Maximum myocardial uptake (27.3 +/- 5.1%) was reached about 0.5 min after the injection. The ratio of uptake in the heart to that in the lungs was 2.3, to that in liver 1.5 and to that in other organs 2.4 to 6.4. The dog myocardium was visualized distinctly within 3-5 min with a gamma camera after i.v. 131I-IHDA, and not interfered with by activities in the lungs, liver and other organs. The low blood levels at 20 min had little effect on the quality of the heart images.
Assuntos
Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Radioisótopos do Iodo , Ácidos Palmíticos , Animais , Cães , Feminino , Masculino , Camundongos , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Ácidos Palmíticos/metabolismo , Coelhos , Cintilografia , Distribuição TecidualRESUMO
11C-benzoic acid prepared in a radiochemical purity over 90% was studied radiopharmacologically in mice and rabbits. The uptake of 11C-benzoate in ICR mice increased quickly. The ratio of kidney uptake rate to that in other organs reached values between 9 and 55 with a maximum at 10 min after i.v. injection. Gamma camera imaging of rabbits showed that uptake in the kidneys began at 2 min after injection and that activity began to appear in the bladder 4 min later. Rabbits with left renal artery ligature showed no uptake in the left kidney but the right kidney was imaged to the same extent as that of a rabbit without artery ligature. The kidney imaging of 11C-benzoic acid may be a useful method for renal diagnosis.