Efficacy of amiodarone and lidocaine for preventing ventricular fibrillation after aortic cross-clamp release in open heart surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

OBJECTIVE: The relative preventative efficacy of amiodarone and lidocaine for ventricular fibrillation (VF) after release of an aortic cross-clamp (ACC) during open heart surgery has not been determined. This meta-analysis was designed to systematically evaluate the influence of amiodarone, lidocaine, or placebo on the incidence of VF after ACC. METHODS: Prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the VF-preventative effects of amiodarone with lidocaine, or amiodarone or lidocaine with placebo were included. PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched for relevant RCTs. Fixed or randomized effect models were applied according to the heterogeneity of the data from the selected studies. RESULTS: We included eight RCTs in the analysis. Pooled results suggested that the preventative effects of amiodarone and lidocaine were comparable (relative risk (RR)=1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.70 to 1.80, P=0.63), but both were superior to the placebo (amiodarone, RR=0.71, 95% CI: 0.51 to 1.00, P=0.05; lidocaine, RR=0.63, 95% CI: 0.46 to 0.88, P=0.006). The percentage of patients requiring electric defibrillation counter shocks (DCSs) did not differ significantly among patients administered amiodarone (RR=0.21, 95% CI: 0.04 to 1.19, P=0.08), lidocaine (RR=2.44, 95% CI: 0.13 to 44.02, P=0.55), or the placebo (RR=0.56, 95% CI: 0.25 to 1.25, P=0.16). CONCLUSIONS: Amiodarone and lidocaine are comparably effective in preventing VF after ACC, but the percentage of patients who subsequently require DCSs does not differ among those administered amiodarone, lidocaine, or placebo.

[Recognition of Three Types of Plantation Wood Species with Near Infrared Spectra Coupled with Back-Propagation Network].

In this study, the near infrared spectroscopy coupled with Back-Propagation (BP) network was used for the recognition of three kinds of plantation wood (Eucalyptus urophylla, Pinus massoniana, Populus X euramericana (Dode) Guineir cv. "San Martino" (1-72/58)). The study considered the effects of hidden layer neurons number, spectral pretreatment method and spectral regions on BP model, which are compared with SIMCA model simultaneously. The results showed that, (1) the recognition rate was 97.78% achieved by BP network model with hidden layer neurons number 13 and the spectral region of 780～2 500 nm. (2) BP model with spectral region of 780～2 500 nm was more robust than the other two BP models with spectral regions of 780～1 100 and 1 100～2 500 nm, of which recognition rates were 97.78%, 95.56% and 96.67%, respectively. After the full spectra was pretreated with the first derivative and the second derivative methods, the recognition rates of BP models fell down to 93.33% and 71.11%. However, the recognition rate of BP model rose to 98.89% with the full spectra being pretreated by the multiplicative scatter correction (MSC). (3) Compared with SIMCA models that recognition rates of three spectral regions (780～2 500, 780～1 100 nm, and 1 100～2 500 nm) were 76.67%, 81.11% and 82.22% respectively, BP network work models had higher recognition rates.