County-level intensity of carbon emissions from crop farming in China during 2000-2019.

Agriculture is an important contributor to global carbon emissions. With the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations and China's carbon neutral strategy, accurate estimation of carbon emissions from crop farming is essential to reduce agricultural carbon emissions and promote sustainable food production systems in China. However, previous long-term time series estimates in China have mainly focused on the national and provincial levels, which are insufficient to characterize regional heterogeneity. Here, we selected the county-level administrative district as the basic geographical unit and then generated a county-level dataset on the intensity of carbon emissions from crop farming in China during 2000-2019, using random forest regression with multi-source data. This dataset can be used to delineate spatio-temporal changes in carbon emissions from crop farming in China, providing an important basis for decision makers and researchers to design agricultural carbon reduction strategies in China.

Web-Based Data to Quantify Meteorological and Geographical Effects on Heat Stroke: Case Study in China.

Heat stroke is a serious heat-related health outcome that can eventually lead to death. Due to the poor accessibility of heat stroke data, the large-scale relationship between heat stroke and meteorological factors is still unclear. This work aims to clarify the potential relationship between meteorological variables and heat stroke, and quantify the meteorological threshold that affected the severity of heat stroke. We collected daily heat stroke search index (HSSI) and meteorological data for the period 2013-2020 in 333 Chinese cities to analyze the relationship between meteorological variables and HSSI using correlation analysis and Random forest (RF) model. Temperature and relative humidity (RH) accounted for 62% and 9% of the changes of HSSI, respectively. In China, cases of heat stroke may start to occur when temperature exceeds 36°C and RH exceeds 58%. This threshold was 34.5°C and 79% in the north of China, and 36°C and 48% in the south of China. Compared to RH, the threshold of temperature showed a more evident difference affected by altitude and distance from the ocean, which was 35.5°C in inland cities and 36.5°C in coastal cities; 35.5°C in high-altitude cities and 36°C in low-altitude cities. Our findings provide a possible way to analyze the interaction effect of meteorological variables on heat-related illnesses, and emphasizes the effects of geographical environment. The meteorological threshold quantified in this research can also support policymaker to establish a better meteorological warning system for public health.