RESUMO
For a long history, herbal medicines have made significant contributions to human health all around the world. However, the exploration of an effective approach to illustrate their inner quality remains a challenge. So, it is imperative to develop new methods and technologies to characterize and identify quality markers of herbal medicines. Taking Isatidis Radix, the dried root of Isatis indigotica as an example, desorption electrospray ionization (DESI), in combination with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF/MS), was applied in this work for the first time to reveal the comprehensive spatial distribution of metabolites and, further, to illustrate quality characters of this herbal medicine. After simple pretreatment, 102 metabolites including alkaloids, sulfur-containing compounds, phenylpropanoids, nucleosides, amino acids, organic acids, flavonoids, phenols, terpenes, saccharides, peptides, and sphingolipids were characterized, some of which were successfully localized and visualized in the transverse section of the root. Based on the ion images, samples with different quality characters were distinguished unambiguously by the pattern recognition method of orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA). Simultaneously, 11 major influencing components exerting higher ion intensities in superior samples were identified as the potential quality markers of Isatidis Radix. Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), together with chemometric analysis could not only improve the understanding of the plant biology of herbal medicines but also be beneficial in the identification of quality markers, so as to carry out better quality control of herbal medicines.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on swallowing function in poststroke patients. DESIGN: We searched for potentially eligible randomized controlled trials from electronic databases, including the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and Chinese Science and Technology Periodical (VIP) databases, from their inception to January 15, 2021. All statistical analyses were performed using RevMan 5.4, and the standardized mean difference with 95% confidence intervals was estimated for the swallowing function outcomes and to understand the mean effect size. RESULTS: Ten studies involving 343 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The overall analyses demonstrated a significant effect size for swallowing function. Subgroup analyses suggested that both acute and chronic stroke patients showed significant effects on swallowing function after transcranial direct current stimulation. Furthermore, compared with sham stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation anodal to the affected, unaffected, and bilateral hemispheres can produce a significant effect size for swallowing function in stroke patients. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis showed that transcranial direct current stimulation is likely to be effective for the recovery of dysphagia in poststroke patients, in the acute or chronic phase, and that the effect of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation to unaffected hemispheres is larger.
Assuntos
Transtornos de Deglutição , Reabilitação do Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Estimulação Transcraniana por Corrente Contínua , Deglutição , Transtornos de Deglutição/etiologia , Transtornos de Deglutição/terapia , HumanosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical analgesic efficacy and the relation between clinical analgesic effect and duration of effect of two acupuncture methods of Longhu Jiaozhan (fight of dragon and tiger, an acupuncture reinforcing and reducing manipulation characterized with nine counterclockwise and six clockwise rotations) and even manipulations. METHODS: Sixty-two patients with primary dysmenorrhea were randomly divided into an observation group (32 cases) and a control group (30 cases). The observation group was applied with Longhu Jiaozhan manipulation, while the control group was applied with even manipulation. Acupuncture treatment was given on both of the groups since onset of the pain. The score of the visual analogue scale (VAS) of the 2 groups was observed at different times. And 8 VAS values were recorded at the point right before acupuncture, needle remaining of 5 min, 10 min, 20 min and 30 min as well as and 30 min, 60 min, 120 min after needle withdrawal. Comparison was made on differences between the 2 groups. RESULTS: Comparison with the same group before acupuncture showed that the VAS difference of the time from needling remaining of 5 min to 120 min after acupuncture were all with statistic significance (all P<0. 01). The score of VAS of needle remaining for 20 min and 30 min of the observation group was without significant difference (P>0. 05). The score of VAS value of needle remaining for 20 min and 30 min of the control group was with significant difference (P<0. 01). Comparison of the VAS scores before the treatment and the scores of the 2nd menstrual cycle were found with significant difference (P<0. 01). The VAS score of 2nd menstrual cycle was (28. 73 +/- 16. 15) in the observation group, which was better than (46. 93+/-12. 18) in the control group (P<0. 001). Comparison of the VAS score of the two groups at 5 min r emaining of the needle was without statistic significance between two groups (P>0. 05). However, the VAS impairment magnitude difference at that moment was with statistic significance (P<0.01). From the time of needle remaining for 10 min, 20 min, 30 min until 120 min after needling, the differences of the VAS scores and impairment range were all with statistic significance (all P<0. 01). The effects of the two acupuncture techniques could both be maintained up to 2 hours after needling. CONCLUSION: Both methods of acupuncture have immediate and long-term analgesic effect in a certain degree on primary dysmenorrhea. However, compared with the control group, the advantage of analgesic effect in the observation group is significantly superior. 20 min needling remaining can reach the best analgesic effect.
