RESUMO
Ionic liquids, especially the cholinium-amino acid-based ionic liquids (CHAAILs), have recently been found to be effective ingredients in formulation of transdermal drug delivery system. In this work, we synthesized six CHAAILs, and investigated their ability to enhance the solubility and permeation of two active pharmaceutic ingredients (APIs), i.e. ferulic acid and puerarin. The solubility measurements showed that a low amount of CHAAILs can significantly increase the solubility of APIs. Moreover, the effective enhancement of permeation of APIs across a polyethersulfone (PES) membrane was achieved at low concentration (4 mg ml-1) of CHAAILs. It is more worthwhile that the presence of CHAAIL brings much less cytotoxicity as compared to traditional types of ionic liquids. Therefore, CHAAILs can be considered as great potential candidates of green and effective additives in transdermal drug delivery systems.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Baicalin is a compound extracted from the dried root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Studies have shown that baicalin has a protective effect on vascular endothelial cells, but whether baicalin could alleviate ascular endothelial cell damage in pregnancy-induced hypertensive patients remains unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We established a hypertensive pregnant rat model to study vascular endothelial injury during pregnancy-induced hypertension. Plasma epoprostenol (PGI-2), thromboxane A2 (Txa-2), ß-human chorionic gonadotropin (ß-HCG), and estrogen levels in rats were detected using ELISA. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and C-reactive protein (CRP) expression were detected using western blotting and quantitative PCR (q-PCR). RESULTS: Results showed that baicalin alleviated symptoms of pregnancy-induced hypertension. CRP, Txa-2, and ß-HCG expression were significantly upregulated, while VEGF, eNOS, PGI-2, and estrogen expression was decreased in plasma and placental tissues of hypertensive rats. However, the levels of these injury indicators were significantly decreased after baicalin therapy, while the expression of protective indicators was significantly increased. CONCLUSION: Baicalin reversed vascular endothelial cell injury in pregnant hypertensive rats by promoting VEGF, eNOS, PGI-2, and estrogen expression.
