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Objective: We investigated the horizontal migration and transformation of nitrogen in soil with oxalic acid and inhibitors (e.g., nitrification inhibitors, DMPP, urease inhibitors, and NBPT) under different soil water contents to provide a basis for the efficient utilization of nitrogen fertilizer in agricultural production in karst areas. Methods: Four nitrogen fertilizers (e.g., ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, and urea) were applied separately and combined with oxalic acid, DMPP, and NBPT. The ammonium and nitrate nitrogen contents in the different soil layers were measured. The soil columns were cultured through an indoor soil column simulation at water content levels of 30%, 40%, and flooded (50%) for 30 days. Results: Ammonium bicarbonate with inhibitors increased soil NH4 +-N content by 15.42-21.12%. Ammonium sulfate with oxalic acid or NBPT increased soil NH4 +-N content by 27.56-52.25% at 30% and 40% moisture content treatments, compared to ammonium sulfate alone. Urea with DMPP application significantly increased soil NH4 +-N content by 11.93-14.87% at 40% water content and flooded conditions. In all treatments, the NH4 +-N content in the soil treated with 30% water content of ammonium chloride with oxalic acid was the highest. The NH4 +-N content showed a decreasing trend with an increase in the water content. The NO3 --N content in soil treated with ammonium bicarbonate and DMPP was higher than that treated with other nitrogen fertilizers at 30% moisture. The NO3 --N content decreased with increased water content. Under all treatments, ammonium chloride with oxalic acid had the highest percentage of soil NH4 +-N and soil soluble inorganic nitrogen at 30% water content, with 55.29% and 55.97%, respectively. Conclusion: Among the nitrogen fertilizer treatments, the soil NH4 +-N content increased in ammonium bicarbonate with DMPP or NBPT, ammonium sulfate with oxalic acid or NBPT, and urea with DMPP. The four nitrogen fertilizers with DMPP increased the soil NO3 --N content. Nitrogen fertilizer combined with oxalic acid and inhibitors could effectively improve the effective use of nitrogen fertilizer.
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AIM: To study the perception of first-order grating acuity and second-order spatial contrast sensitivity in patients with monocular anisometropia amblyopia.METHODS:A total of 715 children(715 eyes)diagnosed as monocular anisometropia amblyopia in our hospital from January 2018 to December 2022 were collected as amblyopia group, and 745 children(745 eyes)with normal corrected visual acuity were collected. The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), first-order grating acuity and/or second-order spatial contrast sensitivity were measured, repectively. The perception ability of amblyopia patients to first-order grating acuity and second-order spatial contrast sensitivity were analyzed.RESULTS:There were significant differences between amblyopia group and normal control group in the perception of first-order grating acuity(11.58±6.10 vs. 20.27±3.47, P<0.001)and second-order spatial contrast sensitivity(0.33±0.16 vs 0.12±0.04, P<0.001). And there were significant differences between mild-to-moderate amblyopia and severe amblyopia patients in first-order grating acuity(12.10±6.23 vs. 8.13±3.70, P<0.001)and second-order spatial contrast sensitivity(0.32±0.16 vs. 0.37±0.17, P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The first-order and second-order visual pathway of the cerebral cortex in children with monocular anisometropia amblyopia have different degrees of damage. The injury of severe amblyopia is more serious than that of mild-to-moderate amblyopia.
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Objective:To investigate the effectiveness, safety, and advantages of modified radical neck dissection by gasless unilateral axillary approach (GUA-MRND) in the surgical management of selected patients with papillary thyroid cancer.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed patients with papillary thyroid cancer who underwent GUA-MRND (endoscopic group, n=16) versus unilateral open modified radical neck dissection (MRND) (open group, n=32) during the period from Jan. 2019 to Jun. 2021, including the differences in surgical efficiency, complication rate, and incisional satisfaction.Results:Compared MRND with GUA-MRND, the patients were younger ( P<0.05) , operative time and postoperative drainage anterior ( P<0.01) were slightly inferior in the latter, but it had obvious advantages in cervical swallowing discomfort and incision satisfaction evaluation ( P<0.05) . There was no significant difference in the incidence of temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, intraoperative and postoperative bleeding, hematoma, infection, lymphatic or chylous leakage and supraclavicular numbness after surgery ( P>0.05) . The number of dissected lymph nodes in area II in the GUA-MRND was lower ( P<0.05) , but it was significantly higher ( P<0.01) in area III. And the average regional cleaning efficiency in the GUA-MRND was level Ⅲ (35.5%) , level Ⅵ (28.59%) , level Ⅳ (23.21%) , level Ⅱ (7.18%) and level Ⅴ (7.12%) , suggested that GUA-MRND had higher efficacy for level III, level Ⅵ and Level IV. Conclusion:GUA-MRND is safe, effective, and has high cosmetic satisfaction in the treatment of selected patients with lateral cervical lymph node metastases from papillary thyroid cancer.
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Malignant tumors， with the increasing crude morbidity and mortality year by year， have become the major diseases threatening human health. The conventional therapeutic drugs against tumors have serious adverse reactions， which can cause a heavy burden on patients. The active components of Chinese medicine can effectively inhibit tumor growth， improve the quality of life of patients， and have few toxic and side effects. Alkaloids of Chinese medicine are natural organic compounds widely existing in a variety of Chinese herbal medicines. In recent years， they have attracted more and more attention because of their anti-tumor effect. The anti-tumor mechanisms of alkaloids of Chinese medicine mainly include the induction of apoptosis， inhibition of tumor cell migration and invasion， suppression of proliferation， induction of autophagy of tumor cells， cell cycle arrest， inhibition of tumor angiogenesis， regulation of microRNA， and modulation of immunity. In addition， Chinese medicine alkaloids can also reverse tumor drug resistance and reduce the stemness of tumor stem cells. Alkaloids of Chinese medicine can regulate the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt）， c-Jun N-terminal kinase （JNK）， p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （p38 MAPK）， mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR）， Notch， Hedgehog， Wnt/β-catenin， and other signaling pathways to participate in the processes of tumor proliferation， invasion and metastasis， autophagy and apoptosis， and affect the occurrence and development of tumors in multiple links and ways. The derivatives and nano-preparations of alkaloids can improve the solubility， utilization， and anti-tumor activity of alkaloids， bringing a broader prospect for the clinical application of alkaloids. This review summarized the recent anti-tumor research on alkaloids， their representative derivatives， and nano-preparations to provide references for the in-depth research on the anti-tumor effect of alkaloids.
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Objective:To compare the postoperative neck pain, discomfort and swallowing difficulty in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) after conventional open thyroidectomy (COT) and endoscopic thyroidectomy using the gasless unilateral axillary approach (ET-UA) .Methods:The study included 117 female patients with PTC who underwent unilateral thyroid lobectomy plus central neck dissection using COT ( n=68) or ET-UA ( n=48) performed by the same experienced surgeon. Subjective neck pain, discomfort and swallowing alterations were assessed by questionnaire 3 day and 6 months postoperatively. Surgical scar and cosmetic satisfaction evaluation were implemented 6 months postoperatively. SPSS 20.0 was used for statistical analysis, the rate or composition ratio was compared by the χ2 test or the exact probability method, and the significance test of the difference in sample means was tested by analysis of variance. Results:Three days after surgery, the neck pain scores of COT group and ET-UA group were (2.13±1.07) and (2.31±1.07) ( P=0.368) ; the neck injury index was (5.13±3.02) and (5.31±3.00) ( P=0.748) ; the dysphagia index was 5 (0.49±3.47) and (3.77±2.96) ( P=0.006) . At 6 months postoperatively, the neck pain scores in COT group and ET-UA group group were (0.52±0.61) and (0.60±0.74) ( P=0.510) ; the neck injury index was (2.10±1.71) and (2.38±2.35) ( P=0.467) ; the dysphagia index was (2.68±2.36) and (1.81±1.83) ( P=0.034) , respectively. Conclusion:Our preliminary study shows that there is no significant differences in postoperative neck pain or discomfort between COT groups and ET-UA group, whereas the impact of ET-UA on swallow function is relatively small than COT.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the changes in the expression of voltage-gated potassium channel subunit KCNA2 in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons of rats with osteoarthritis (OA) pain induced by sodium monoiodoacetate and explore the mechanism.@*METHODS@#A total of 156 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into blank control group, saline group and intra-articular monoiodoacetate injection-induced OA group. The paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT) was measured before and at 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks after monoiodoacetate injection. At 4 weeks after the injection, the pathological changes in the knee joints were analyzed using HE staining and Safranin O-Fast Green staining, and the expression of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF-3) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the DRG neurons were detected by immunofluorescence staining. The expression of mRNA in the DRG neurons was detected by RT-qPCR at 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks after the injection. The expression of KCNA2 in the DRG was measured by Western blotting, and the methylation level of promoter region was measured by MSPCR at 4 weeks after the injection.@*RESULTS@#The PWMT of the rats in OA group was significantly decreased at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after the injection as compared with the baseline ( < 0.05 or < 0.001) as well as the control group ( < 0.05 or < 0.001). Four weeks after the intra-articular injection, fractures and defects on the surface of the articular cartilage, bone hyperplasia, and blurred tidal line were observed in the rats in OA group, but no obvious pathological changes were detected in the control or saline groups. Compared with those in the control group, the expressions of ATF-3 and iNOS were significantly increased ( < 0.01) at 4 weeks after injection; the expression of mRNA at 2, 4 and 6 weeks and the expression of KCNA2 protein at 4 weeks were all significantly decreased ( < 0.05 or < 0.01), and the methylation level of gene was significantly increased at 4 weeks after the injection in OA group ( < 0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The expression of KCNA2 is decreased in the DRG neurons of rats with OA pain likely as a result of enhanced methylation of promoter region.
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Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Gânglios Espinais , Articulação do Joelho , Metabolismo , Osteoartrite , Metabolismo , Dor , Metabolismo , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
Objective:To determine the technical feasibility,intraoperative safety,and efficacy of endoscopic thyroidectomy using the gasless unilateral axillary approach.Methods:We analyzed 11 patients diagnosed with papillary thyroid carcinoma who underwent an endoscopic thyroidectomy between February and April 2017 using a gasless unilateral axillary approach at the Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology,Zhejiang Cancer Hospital.Additionally,we compared the clinical features,early surgical outcomes,surgi-cal complications and postoperative satisfaction of endoscopic thyroidectomy with those of 11 patients who underwent conventional open thyroidectomies during the same period.Result:In the endoscopic group,the mean age of patients((35.6±2.6)years was young-er than that of the open thyroidectomy group[(48.5±2.3)years,(P=0.002)].The endoscopic thyroidectomy(unilateral lobectomy)pro-cedure was successfully completed in all patients. The rate of central compartment neck dissection was not different between the groups[(2.4±1.7)vs.(2.8±1.6),P>0.05].The operative time was longer and the amount of drainage was higher in the endoscopic than in the open group[(123.9±28.1)min vs.(48.6±9.8)min,P<0.01;(145.9±81.8)mL vs.(87.7±18.9)mL,P<0.01].Everage length of hospi-talizntion was 1 day longer in the endoscopic group. The complication rate was not statistically significantly different between the groups.The postoperative pain score of the neck and anterior chest was not different between the groups except the anterior chest pain score at day 3 after operation.The cosmetic satisfaction was greater in the endoscopic group(P<0.01).Conclusions:Endoscopic thyroidectomy using a gasless unilateral axillary approach for the management of selected patients presenting with papillary thyroid carcinoma is a safe,feasible,and cosmetically superior procedure.
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Objective To evaluate the role of different opioid receptors in morphine postconditioning-induced reduction of ischemia-reperfusion (Ⅰ/R) injury in isolated rat hearts.Methods Healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 7-8 weeks,weighing 250-300 g,were anesthetized with chloral hydrate.The hearts were removed and retrogradely perfused with oxygenated K-H solution in a Langendorff apparatus.Forty-eight Langendorff-perfused rat hearts were divided into 4 groups (n=12 each) by a random number table method:Ⅰ/R group,morphine postconditioning group (M group),δ receptor antagonist naltrexone plus morphine postconditioning group (N+M group) and κ receptor antagonist nor-binaltorphimine plus morphine postconditioning group (B+M group).Hearts were subjected to 4 cycles of perfusion with K-H solution containing 1 μmol/L morphine for 15 s and then with K-H solution containing no morphine for 15 s in group M.In N+M group and B+M group,hearts were perfused with 5 μmol/L naltrindole and 5 μmol/L nor-binaltorphimine,respectively,starting from 10 nin of equilibration until 5 min of reperfusion,and morphine postconditioning was similar to those previously described in group M.Heart rate and the maximum rate of increase or decrease in left ventricular pressure (±dp/dtmax) were recorded at 20 min of equilibration and 30 and 60 nin of reperfusion.Corona~ effluent was collected at 20 min of equilibration and 60 min of reperfusion for measurement of the activity of creatine kinase by colorimetric assay.Eight hearts were obtained at 60 min of reperfusion for determination of myocardial infarct size.Four hearts were obtained at 60 min of reperfusion for detection of the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 Ⅰ (LC3 Ⅰ) and LC3 Ⅱ by Western blot.LC3 Ⅱ/LC3 Ⅰ ratio was calculated.Results Compared with the baseline value at 20 min of equilibration,heart rate and +dp/dt were significantly decreased at 30 and 60 min of reperfusion,and the activity of creatine kinase in coronary effluent was increased at 60 min of reperfusion in four groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group Ⅰ/R,the activity of creatine kinase in coronary effluent,percentage of myocardial infarct size and LC3 Ⅱ/LC3 Ⅰ ratio were significantly decreased in group M (P＜0.05).Compared with group M,the activity of creatine kinase in coronary effluent,percentage of myocardial infarct size and LC3 Ⅱ/LC3 Ⅰ ratio were significantly increased in N+M and B+M groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion δ and κ opioid receptors are involved in morphine postconditioning-induced reduction of Ⅰ/R injury in isolated rat hearts,and the mechanism may be related to inhibiting the level of autophagy.
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In the last decades, the incidence of thyroid cancer has continuously and rapidly increased, and the risk factors have become the focus of the whole society′s attention.The exposure of radiation in childhood and genetic predisposition are determinate risk factors for thyroid cancer.Goiter, benign nodules/adenomas and obesity are highly likely risk factors for thyroid cancer.Some menstrual and reproductive factors and dietetic factors are possible risk factors for thyroid cancer.
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Objective@#To investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes and prognostic factors in patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer.@*Methods@#Clinical data of 56 patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital from January 2006 to June 2016 were retrospectively reviewed and followed up.@*Results@#Of the 56 patients, there were 24 male and 32 female. The median age was 65 years old. At diagnosis, 10 patients have different degrees of breathing difficulty; 8 patients have varying degrees of dysphagia, and 12 patients have hoarseness. Distant metastases were found in 23 patients at presentation. Patient staging was performed in accordance with the tumor-node-metastasis system as follows: stage ⅣA (n=19), stage ⅣB (n=14) and stage ⅣC (n=23). The median survival time of 56 patients was 4.5 months.The overall 1-year survival rate was 5.4%. Univariate analysis showed that radiotherapy and multimodality therapy were prognostic factors for 1-year overall survival (both of P<0.05). The overall 1-year survival rate of the patients who received precision radiotherapy was 16.7%, which was higher than who received the other radiation therapy (4.0%, P=0.040). Furthermore, the overall 1-year survival rate of the patients who received surgery combined with radiotherapy was 12.5%, which was higher than who received the other treatments(4.2%, P=0.040). Multivariate analysis indicated that radiotherapy was independently associated with improved survival (P=0.020).@*Conclusions@#Patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer should receive multimodality therapies combining surgery with radiotherapy. Radiotherapy is independently associated with improved overall survival. Notably, the precision radiotherapy that based on image guidance has a significantly beneficial impact on the prognosis of patients.
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Objective@#To investigate the effect of icariin (ICA) on the bisphenol A (BPA)-enhanced proliferation function of thyroid carcinoma cell B-CPAP and underlying mechanism.@*Methods@#The proliferation of Gastric B-CPAP cell line was evaluated by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). Apoptosis and ROS expression in B-CPAP cells were detected by flow cytometry. The expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in B-CPAP cells were measured by individual assay kits. The expressions of Bcl-2 and γ-HA2X were detected by Western blot. SPSS 18.0 software was used to analyze the data.@*Results@#B-CPAP cell activity was promoted by treatment with 3×10-7mol/L BPA for 48 h, with significant difference in absorbance between BPA and control groups (1.089±0.053 vs 0.935±0.010, P<0.05). The cell activities of BPA+ ICA25, BPA+ ICA50, BPA+ ICA100 and BPA+ ICA200 groups was 0.780±0.036, 1.007±0.050, 0.958±0.033 and 0.625±0.064, respectively (all P<0.01). The proliferation of B-CPAP cells treated with BPA for 72 hours showed a similar trend to 48 hours. There was no significant difference between all treatment groups in 24 hours. The apoptosis rate was (19.272±0.186)% in BPA-treated cells, and was (22.412±0.238)% in control cells (P<0.05). The apoptosis rates of BPA+ ICA50 and BPA+ ICA200 groups were (23.688±0.412)% and (30.270±0.696)%, respectively (P<0.01). The intracellular accumulation of ROS in BPA, BPA+ ICA50, and BPA+ ICA200 groups were 806±21, 1 772±37, 2 041±16, respectively (P<0.01). The expressions of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in control, BPA, BPA+ ICA50, BPA+ ICA200 groups were 7 120±151, 9 801±286, 5 902±171 and 4 203±216, respectively (P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#BPA can promote the proliferation of thyroid carcinoma B-CPAP cells and decrease the apoptosis of cells, and this effect can be inhibited by ICA. The possible mechanism is to induce high expression of intracellular ROS and inhibit the expression of antioxidase system, leading to cell oxidative damage, thereby inducing apoptosis.
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Background and purpose:Icariin (ICA) is the important active flavonoids extracted from Berberidaceaeepimedium. It has been shown to be effective in suppressing cancers including lung cancer and gastric cancer. Thus, it is expected to be developed for cancer treatment. However, there were few studies on icariin as a promising anticancer drug for the treatment of thyroid cancer. The mechanisms underlying anticancer effects of ICA in thyroid cancer are rarely reported. This study was to explore the proliferation and apoptosis, intracellular ROS and antioxidant enzyme systems of the thyroid carcinoma cell line B-CPAP treated with different concentrations of ICA. It aimed to explore the mechanism underlying anticancer effects of ICA, and to determine whether it is concentration- or time-dependent manner.Methods:The proliferation of B-CPAP cell line treated with different concentrations of ICA was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). The cell apoptosis and intracellular ROS were observed by flow cytometry. The expression of intracellular superoxide dismutase and intracellular malondialdehyde were measured by SOD detection kit and MDA assay kit, respectively. Bcl-2 and γ-HA2X were detected by Western blot.Results:ICA reduced B-CPAP cell activity, increased the rate of apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner after 48 h (P<0.01). The ROS of ICA 50 mg/L and 200 mg/L groups were (2.12±0.14)-fold and (2.41±0.12)-fold of the control group, respectively. ICA promoted accumulation of malondialdehyde, and reduced antioxidant enzyme SOD activity. The SOD activity was decreased by (9.35±1.45)% (ICA 50 mg/L group) and (21.5±1.52)% (ICA 200 mg/L group) compared with the control group, respectively. The anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in ICA 200 mg/L group was decreased by (13.64±1.71)%compared with the control group.Conclusion:Icariin inhibited activity of thyroid cancer B-CPAP cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. It plays an important role in promoting intracellular ROS expression, inhibiting superoxide dismutase expression and decreasing Bcl-2, which leads to irreversible damage to the cell, thereby inducing apoptosis.
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Diabetic rat model accompanied by insulin resistance was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin.Following metformin treatment for 5 weeks,ELISA was used to detect the level of plasma secreted frizzled-related protein (SFRP) 5,and immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of p-JNK in the liver.insulin resistance(IR) and p-JNK were significantly increased in diabetic group compared with the control group (P＜0.05),while plasma SFRP5 level was reduced (P＜0.01).After metformin treatment,the plasma SFRP5 levels were significantly increased (P＜0.05),while IR and p-JNK was decreased (P＜O.05).Metformin may ameliorate insulin resistance via upregulating the SFRP5 expression of diabetic rats.
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy of the operation in the treatment of postoperative re-hemorrhage after splenec-tomy with periesophagogastric devascularization for advanced schistosomiasis. Methods Forty-three re-hemorrhage patients,who received varicose ligation combined with pericardial devascularization through left thoracic cavity with esophageal incision from Oc-tober 2002 to October 2011,after splenectomy with periesophagogastric devascularization due to portal vein hypertension,were in-vestigated retrospectively and followed up for 1 to 9 years. Results Forty-three re-hemorrhage patients operated included 27 cas-es of selective operation and 16 cases of emergency operation. The mean follow-up time was 6.8 years. The hemostasis rate was 100%. 0ne died after the operation because of engaging in heavy labor,two had melena and were completely relived with the con-servative treatment,and all the rest had a good recovery. Conclusion The operation of varicose ligation combined with pericardi-al devascularization through left thoracic cavity with esophageal incision in the treatment of postoperative re-hemorrhage after sple-nectomy with periesophagogastric devascularization for advanced schistosomiasis has a satisfied efficacy.
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Objective To explore clinical nursing pathway(CNP) teaching method for nursing practice students.Methods Nursing practice students ( n =120 ) were randomly divided into two groups:experimental group and control group.CNP teaching method was applied in experimental group while traditional teaching method was used in control group.The test results of theory,operational skill,comprehensive quality,patient's satisfaction degree and nursing mistake between the two groups were compared.Results The results of theory,operational skill,comprehensive quality,patient's satisfaction degree in experimental group were obviously better than those in control group(P ＜0.05),the result of nursing mistake in experimental group was greatly decreased compared with that in control group(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion CNP teaching method is superior to traditional teaching method and it greatly improve the teaching quality.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the role of platelet in mouse pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell (PMVEC) injury caused by lipopolysaccharide( LPS)-activated neutrophil.MethodsPMVECs were obtained from pathogen-free C3H/HeN mice of both sexes aged 6-8 weeks weighing 18-25 g according to the method described by Lim YC et al.Platelets and neutrophils were isolated from mouse blood by twice centrifugation and denaity gradient centrifugation respectively.PMVECs were seeded into twelve- or six-well plates ( 1 or 2 ml/well) after 2-5 passages and were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =31 each): group LPS; group platelets (group P);group neutrophils (group N) and group platelets + neutrophils (group PN).Each well contained about 5 × 107/ml platelets and/or 5 × 105/ml neutrophils respectively.PMVECs were incubated with LPS1 μg/ml at 37 ℃ in a 5％ CO2 humidified atmosphere for 1,6,12,18 and 24 h respectively in all 4 groups.The cells were examined with phase contrast microscope for morphological changes and survival condition.Viability rate,apoptotic rate and activation rate of PMVECs were detected by flow cytometry at each time points.ResultsThere was no significant difference in morphology and number of endothelial cells (ECs) among the 4 groups,while the number of activated ECs was significantly increased but the number of living cells decreased in group PN compared with group LPS.The activation rate of ECs was significantly higher after being incubated with LPS for 6-12 h in groups P and N than in group LPS.The viability rate was significantly lower,while the apoptotic rate and activation rate were significantly higher after ECs were incubated with LPS in group PN than in groups LPS,P and N.ConclusionPlatelets play a decisive role in mouse PMVEC injury induced by LPS activated neutrophils.
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The toxicity of HCN inhaled via the respiratory tract in dogs and the therapeutic effects of DMAP and AmNO2 for such form of HCN intoxication were studied. The LD50 of HCN when inhaled was 850.4?80.4?g/kg.When the dosage of 2?LD50 of HCN was given to the experimental animals, the signs of intoxication developed rapidly. Uneasiness, struggling, strident barking, and respiratory excitation were observed several seconds after the exposure. Subsequently there was spasm of the extensors and rigidity of the extremities. Finally general inhibition and paralysis ensued. Respiration and heart beat stopped 6 and 7 minutes after exposure. If DMAP (3.25 mg/kg intramuscularly) or AmNO2 (2 ampules through inhalation) was administered 15 seconds after exposure, the survival rate of the animals was 90% or 100% respectively.When the dosage of 4?LD50 of HCN was inhaled and the two drugs were administered 45 seconds after exposure, the survival rate of the animals treated with DMAP remained as high as 90% (9/10) .But the survival rate of those treated with two ampules of AmNO2 or even three ampules reduced to 20% or 40% respectively.The amount of HCN inhaled during respiratory intoxication, the problems of early diagnosis and the administration of DMAP at the site of accident were analyzed and discussed.
