[Effect of integrated measures on schistosomiasis transmission--interruption in hilly areas].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of control integrative measures which persist in snail eradication and chemotherapy on schistosomiasis transmission-interruption in hilly areas. METHODS: The data of integrated control and endemic situation of schistosomiasis from 2004 to 2014 were collected, and the control effect of integrated measures was evaluated. RESULTS: From 2004 to 2014, both the Oncomelania hupensis snail area and density of living snails of Jurong City were reduced from 43.13 hm2 and 1.48 snails/0.1 m2 to 0; the residents' seropositive rate declined continuously; the residents' and students' awareness rates on schistosomiasis control were increased from 88.43% and 82.04% to 92.56% and 95.74% respectively; the snail area was significantly negatively correlated with the coverage rate of snail control (r = -0.864, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In the hilly areas, the schistosomiasis control integrated measures which persist in snail eradication and chemotherapy could control the endemic situation rapidly and steadily, accelerating to achieve the goal of schistosomiasis transmission-interruption.

[The clinical features of gastrointestinal bleeding complicating aortic stenosis].

OBJECTIVE: To deepen the understanding about Heyde's syndrome by investigating the clinical characteristics and prognosis of the patients with aortic valve stenosis complicating with gastrointestinal bleeding. METHODS: Patients with aortic valve stenosis and gastrointestinal bleeding coincidently admitted to our hospital from 2001 to 2011 were retrieved and analyzed. RESULTS: In all the 443 157 in-patients, 474 patients were diagnosed with aortic valve stenosis (0.11%, 474/443 157) and 14 patients (9 males and 5 females, aged 53-87 years old) with gastrointestinal bleeding coincidently(2.95%, 14/474). Among the 14 patients, 3 were moderate aortic valve stenosis, 11 severe aortic valve stenosis. The aortic valve peak flow velocity was 324-709 (480.54 ± 188.25) cm/s and the mean aortic valve pressure gradient was 21.04-91.56 (56.93 ± 29.90) mm Hg(1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa).Heavy gastrointestinal bleeding was manifested in all the 14 patients with 1 of haematemesis and 13 of hematochezia.Hemoglobin (Hb) and red blood cell (RBC) count were significantly lower than the normal range [(69 ± 28) g/L and (2.71 ± 2.04)×10(12)/L, P < 0.05]. Their mean corpuscular volume(MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), platelet(PLT) count, prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR) were in normal range [(90.21 ± 2.94) fl, (29.39 ± 1.99) pg, (327.57 ± 14.82) g/L, (185.13 ± 22.55)×10(9)/L, (11.4 ± 1.04) s and 1.22 ± 0.44, respectively]. Among all the 14 patients, 13 were over 65 years old and they all accepted gastrointestinal imaging (13/14).Vascular malformation of intestine was found in 6 patients with 4 lesions located in descending colon and 2 located in sigmoid colon.Hemorrhage foci were found in 2 patients with one of colon cancer, and another of duodenal ulcer, while no definite hemorrhage foci were found in the other 11 patients. A total of 6 patients with severe aortic valve stenosis underwent aortic valve replacement (AVR) successfully (6/11) and no recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding was ever found. Conservative treatment was performed in the other 5 patients with severe aortic valve stenosis (5/11) and resulted in sudden death in 2 patients (2/5). CONCLUSIONS: Prompt echocardiography and gastrointestinal endoscopy should be performed in the elderly patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding to facilitate the early diagnosis and treatment of Heyde's syndrome. AVR is a fundamental procedure to improve the prognosis of Heyde's syndrome.

[Oncomelania snail habitat characteristics and orientation analysis in hilly areas of Jurong City].

OBJECTIVE: To master the breeding and distribution of Oncomelania snails in hilly regions of Jurong City so as to provide the evidence for establishing the program of snail elimination. METHODS: The historical snail habitat environments and existing snail habitat environments in hilly areas of Jurong City were investigated according to the river systems. The geographic coordinate data of the acquisition historical and existing snail habitat environments were collected by GPS tools in the field, and the characteristics and distribution of snail habitats were analyzed by Google Earth position technology. RESULTS: A total of 399 historical snail habitat environments were investigated, and the total area was 2904.39 hm2, including 33 Class I environments with the area of 415.04 hm2, 33 Class II environments with the area of 323.19 hm2, 11 Class III environments with the area of 96.40 hm2, and 318 Class IV environments with the area of 1989.46 hm2. The environmental reformation rate was 14.29%. The Google Earth marked maps showed the aggregation relation between the distribution of existing and historical snail habitats and the water systems. CONCLUSION: The investigation has established the data-base of historical snail habitat environments and the space is marked on the Google Earth map, which could help the snail monitoring and to establish the program of snail elimination better.

[Analysis of epidemic situation of schistosomiasis at Kongqing Village in Jurong City, 2012].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the epidemic situation of schistosomiasis and control effect in mountainous regions in Jurong City. METHODS: According to the "Schistosomiasis Prevention and Control Practices" and the "Schistosomiasis Monitoring Work Program in Jiangsu Province", the density of Oncomelania hupensis snails, and the infection rates of residents and animals were investigated and the results were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: The area with snails was 8150 m2, and the snail density was 0.14 snial/0.1 m2. The positive rate of schistosomiasis serological tests was 3.2% in the residents, and the infection rate was 0 in animals. CONCLUSION: The epidemic situation of schistosomiasis in the mountainous regions of Jurong City presents a low prevalence, but the surveillance is still needed.

[Investigation of pinworm infection among kindergarten children in Jurong City, Jiangsu Province].

In order to understand pinworm infection of kindergarten children in Jurong City, Jiangsu Province, a total of 1 088 children were sampled for the survey from September 2011 to October 2012. The cellophane tape swab technique was used to examine pinworm eggs. The infection rate of pinworm was 1.1% (12/1 088). The rate in boys and girls was 1.3% (7/551) and 0.9% (5/537), respectively. Higher infection rate was in the senior class (1.4%, 5/370), and no significant difference was found with gender, as well as among different classes (P > 0.05). Evidently, pinworm prevalence is at a low level in the kindergarten children of Jurong.

[Effect of comprehensive schistosomiasis control in Bianmin River of Jurong City from 2000 to 2011].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of comprehensive control of schistosomiasis in the Biamin River water system. METHODS: The distribution of Oncomelania snails and schistosome infections of residents and cattle were investigated longitudinally in Biamin River system from 2000 to 2011. RESULTS: After the comprehensive control of schistosomiasis, the average densities of infected snails decreased from 0.013 snails/0.1 m2 to 0, the average densities of living snails decreased from 7.43 snails/0.1 m2 to 0.38 snails/0.1 m2, the infected snail area decreased from 0.08 hm2 to 0, the snail area decreased from 17.84 hm2 to 10.57 hm2, and the crowd serological positive rate decreased from 6.90% to 0.96%. CONCLUSIONS: The snail habitats have been eliminated obviously by the comprehensive measures including concrete banks of rivers connecting with the Yangtze River. Thus the schistosomiasis situation has been controlled effectively. However, the snail spread from other schistosomiasis endemic places could not avoided, so we still need to strengthen the snail surveillance and snail control of the rivers connecting with the Yangtze River.