Outcomes of Anterior Lateral Approach and Gerdy's Tubercle Osteotomy for Tibial Plateau Fractures Involving the Posterior Lateral Condyle: A Retrospective Study of 20 Patients.

BACKGROUND The objective of this investigation was to assess the effectiveness of using T-shaped steel plates through the anterior lateral approach and Gerdy's tubercle osteotomy for treating posterior lateral tibial plateau fractures. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from 20 patients, aged on average 53.9±10.36 years, who were admitted for tibial plateau fractures involving the posterior lateral condyle between January 2019 and October 2022. The fixation and reduction of the posterior lateral bone block were performed using the anterior lateral approach combined with Gerdy's tubercle osteotomy to address the posterior lateral tibial plateau fracture. Post-surgery assessment was conducted using the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee combined score. RESULTS During the 12-24 (14.2±1.7) month postoperative period, we conducted 20 surgeries. Within 9 to 12 weeks, fracture healing transpired without any complications such as incision infection, nerve injury, or fracture displacement being detected. Assessment of knee joint function at the final follow-up was conducted using the HSS knee combined score, with results indicating 16 cases rated as excellent, 3 cases as good, and 1 case as fair. CONCLUSIONS In tibial plateau fractures impacting the posterior lateral condyle, the anterior lateral approach, combined with Gerdy's tubercle osteotomy, allows for direct exposure and manipulation of the posterior lateral bone block fracture. Using a T-shaped support plate and a lateral locking plate provides a reliable method for fracture fixation, aiding in convenient surgical positioning and intraoperative fluoroscopy. The treatment approach effectively manages fractures located on the posterior lateral aspect of the tibial plateau.

Controlling Electron/Hole Recombination in Near-Infrared Polymer Phototransistors through an Insulation Medium: A Pathway to Ultrahigh Photosensitivity.

In near-infrared (NIR) polymer phototransistors, the photoresponse is proportional to the turn-on voltage shift (ΔVth). Due to the narrow band gap of NIR polymers, the ΔVth value is usually small. However, the use of a single bulk heterojunction (BHJ) layer has a minimal effect on increasing the value of ΔVth. This is because doping with high concentrations of acceptors results in strong current traps and accelerates electron/hole recombination. In this work, a new strategy is proposed to control the recombination of electrons/holes. By doping an insulating medium made of polystyrene (PS) into BHJs, PC61BM:PS:PDPP3T-based ternary NIR phototransistors with high acceptor concentrations were prepared by using a one-step film transfer method (FTM). Compared with a PC61BM:PDPP3T-based binary device (1:1), a ternary device (1:1:1) exhibited a significant performance improvement. The ΔVth value (∼29.5 ± 1.0 V) increased by approximately 4-fold, the Iph/Idark (∼4.4 × 106) increased by a factor of 3000 to 4000-fold, and the dark current decreased by 2-3 orders of magnitude (@ Vg = 0 V). Additionally, the ternary devices demonstrated excellent performance across a wide ternary ratio range (1:1:1 to 4:2:1).

Effects of Li+ conduction on the capacity utilization of cathodes in all-solid-state lithium batteries.

Li+ conduction in all-solid-state lithium batteries is limited compared with that in lithium-ion batteries based on liquid electrolytes because of the lack of an infiltrative network for Li+ transportation. Especially for the cathode, the practically available capacity is constrained due to the limited Li+ diffusivity. In this study, all-solid-state thin-film lithium batteries based on LiCoO2 thin films with varying thicknesses were fabricated and tested. To guide the cathode material development and cell design of all-solid-state lithium batteries, a one-dimensional model was utilized to explore the characteristic size for a cathode with varying Li+ diffusivity that would not constrain the available capacity. The results indicated that the available capacity of cathode materials was only 65.6% of the expected value when the area capacity was as high as 1.2 mAh/cm2. The uneven Li distribution in cathode thin films owing to the restricted Li+ diffusivity was revealed. The characteristic size for a cathode with varying Li+ diffusivity that would not constrain the available capacity was explored to guide the cathode material development and cell design of all-solid-state lithium batteries.

Clinical Study of Volar Median Approach Combined with Lateral Radial Auxiliary Approach in Treatment of C-Type Distal Radius Fractures: Our Clinical and Radiological Results.

BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to explore the clinical implications of median approach combined with radial auxiliary plate in the treatment of C-type distal radius fractures. MATERIAL AND METHODS From January 2017 to January 2022, a total of 20 cases were collected, including 6 male and 14 female patients with closed fresh distal radius fractures. All patients received volar medium approach T-shaped locking plate treatment, as well as radial auxiliary plate open reduction and internal fixation. We recorded the incidence of median nerve injury, incidence of radial artery and vein or their branches injury, postoperative X-ray measurement of radial styloid process height, ulnar declination, palmar inclination, and Gartland-Werley score. RESULTS All surgical procedures were successful, and all patients were monitored for 3 to 12 months after the procedure. In the postoperative follow-up, there was no obvious loss of reduction. At the last follow-up, all patients' articular surface flatness was less than 2 mm, and the mean values for palmar inclination and ulnar declination were (14.36°±3.55°) and (19.79°±2.57°), respectively. The average height of a radial styloid was 117±2.42 mm; functional evaluation: excellent in 12 (60%), good in 6 (30%), and fair in 2 cases (10%) cases. Five patients showed slight nerve injury, but all recovered quickly within 6 months. CONCLUSIONS The volar median approach, which combines a T-locking plate with a radial auxiliary plate for open reduction and internal fixation, is an effective treatment for unstable distal radius fractures.

Stable Lithium Plating and Stripping Enabled by a LiPON Nanolayer on PP Separator.

The practical application of the Li metal anode (LMA) is hindered by its low coulombic efficiency and dendrite formation. Although solid-state electrolytes hold promise as ideal partners for LMA, their effectiveness is limited by the poor workability and ionic conductivity. Herein, a modified separator combining the rapid Li+ transport of a liquid electrolyte and the interfacial stability of a solid-state electrolyte is explored to realize stable cycling of the LMA. A conformal nanolayer of LiPON is coated on a polypropylene separator by a scalable magnetron sputtering method, which is compatible with current Li-ion battery production lines and promising for the practical applications. The resulting LMA-electrolyte/separator interface is Li+ -conductive, electron-insulating, mechanically and chemically stable. Consequently, Li|Li cells maintain stable dendrite-free cycling with overpotentials of 10 and 40 mV over 2000 h at 1 and 5 mA cm-2 , respectively. Additionally, the Li|LiFePO4 full cells achieve a capacity retention of 92% after 550 cycles, confirming its application potential.

Modified Posterolateral Approach for the Treatment of 2-Part Fractures of the Posterior Malleolus Associated with Medial and Lateral Malleolar Fractures: 1 Incision, 2 Windows, 3 Steel Plates.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the modified posterolateral approach using 1 incision, 2 windows, and 3 plates in the treatment of 2-part posterior malleolus fractures complicated with medial and lateral malleolus fractures. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twelve patients with 2-part fractures of the posterior malleolus complicated with medial and lateral malleolar fractures and treated by the modified posterolateral approach from January 2018 to January 2021 were studied retrospectively. After surgery, the ankle hindfoot score and visual analog scale (VAS) of the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) were used for evaluation. RESULTS The average follow-up time of the 12 patients was 18 months (7-30 months). All patients had no infection, and their incisions healed in the first stage. Postoperative radiography showed that the average fracture healing time was 12.5 weeks (10-15 weeks). The average time for patients to walk weight bearing was 13 weeks (11-16 weeks), and there was no obvious pain or discomfort. At the last follow-up, the average AOFAS ankle hindfoot score of the 12 patients was 87.5 (77-95), with 7 excellent and 5 good scores. The VAS score improved from before surgery (average 8.25 points) to after surgery (average 1 point). The curative effect was satisfactory. CONCLUSIONS The posterolateral approach using 1 incision, 2 windows, and 3 steel plates was effective in the treatment of 2-part posterior malleolus fractures complicated with medial and lateral malleolus fractures.

Diffusion interface layer controlling the acceptor phase of bilayer near-infrared polymer phototransistors with ultrahigh photosensitivity.

The narrow bandgap of near-infrared (NIR) polymers is a major barrier to improving the performance of NIR phototransistors. The existing technique for overcoming this barrier is to construct a bilayer device (channel layer/bulk heterojunction (BHJ) layer). However, acceptor phases of the BHJ dissolve into the channel layer and are randomly distributed by the spin-coating method, resulting in turn-on voltages (Vo) and off-state dark currents remaining at a high level. In this work, a diffusion interface layer is formed between the channel layer and BHJ layer after treating the film transfer method (FTM)-based NIR phototransistors with solvent vapor annealing (SVA). The newly formed diffusion interface layer makes it possible to control the acceptor phase distribution. The performance of the FTM-based device improves after SVA. Vo decreases from 26 V to zero, and the dark currents decrease by one order of magnitude. The photosensitivity (Iph/Idark) increases from 22 to 1.7 × 107.

[Repair of Kuwadaâ ¡and â ¢ Achilles tendon defects through modified medial J-shaped approach with autologous fascia lata transplantation].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effect of modified medial J-shaped incision of Achilles tendon combined with fascia lata transplantation in the treatment of Kuwada typeⅡand Ⅲ Achilles tendon defects. METHODS: From January 2016 to August 2018, the clinical data of 15 patients with KuwadaⅡand Ⅲ Achilles tendon defects treated with modified J-shaped approach with autologous fascia lata transplantation were retrospectively analyzed, including 14 males and 1 female, with an average age of 31.7 years old ranging from 24 to 43. There were 9 cases of KuwadaⅡdefect and 6 cases of KuwadaⅢ defect. Postoperative observations were made for incision complications, and the Arner-Lindholm scoring standard was used to evaluate the function of the affected foot at the last follow-up. RESULTS: All 15 cases were followed up from 3 to 16 months with an average of 9.2 months. No skin necrosis or infection occurred after operation, and no Achilles tendon rupture occurred again. According to the Arner-Lindholm scoring standard, 13 cases were excellent, 2 cases were good. CONCLUSION: Modified medial J-shaped incision is a satisfactory approach for repairing Achilles tendon defects. It is helpful to prevent postoperative incision complications, which double-strengthen the Achilles tendon strength, so that patients can perform early rehabilitation and functional exercises with satisfactory clinical results.

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint.

OBJECTIVE: Complex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference. METHODS: In a prospective single-center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin-layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3-Matics software for three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle ß between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface. RESULTS: The average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.

Rg1 in combination with mannitol protects neurons against glutamate-induced ER stress via the PERK-eIF2 α-ATF4 signaling pathway.

AIMS: Ginseng and ginsenosides are known for their remarkable effects on the central nervous system. However, pharmacokinetic studies have suggested that the Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) cannot be efficiently transported through the blood-brain barrier. To investigate the effects of Rg1 in combination with mannitol protects neurons against glutamate-induced ER stress via the PERK-eIF2 -ATF4 signaling pathway. MAIN METHODS: Rg1, along with the BBB permeabilizer mannitol, exhibited a potent neuroprotective effect by significantly reducing the neurological scores and infarct volume in rats exposed to middle cerebral artery occlusion. We evaluated the effect of Rg1 on neuroprotection after MCAO, and also explored its potential mechanism of action. KEY FINDINGS: Our results show that Rg1 reduced the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive neurons. This neuroprotection may be dependent, at least in part, on the preservation of the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial function. Ischemia-induced brain injury is largely caused by the excessive release of glutamate, which results in excitotoxicity and cell death. Neurons were pretreated with Rg1 before inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress with glutamate. A reduction in the expression of Bax and a concomitant increase in Bcl2 expression prevented the induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, Rg1 downregulated the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress genes. SIGNIFICANCE: Our results indicate that Rg1 modulation of stress-responsive genes helps prevent glutamate-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in neurons through the PERK-eIF2-α-ATF4 signaling pathway.

Treatment of a high-energy transsyndesmotic ankle fracture: A case report of "logsplitter injury".

INTRODUCTION: The "logsplitter injury" is a special type of ankle fractures that results from high energy violence with combined rotational forces and axial loads. So far, the diagnose and treatment of "logsplitter injury" remain largely unsettled and related literature is rare. PATIENT CONCERNS: An 18-year-old male fell from a fence and got his left ankle injured with severe malformation and swollen condition. No open wound was observed. DIAGNOSIS: Logsplitter injury, ankle fracture (AO/OTA classification 44C1.1, Lauge-Hansen classification: pronation-external rotation). INTERVENTIONS AND OUTCOMES: The patient was initially treated by internal fixation of fibular, repair of deltoid ligaments, and 1 syndesmotic screw fixation. When the X-ray applied after surgery, another 2 syndesmotic screws were performed to enhance stability. The syndesmotic screws were removed at 12-week and 16-week respectively. The patient was allowed for full weight-bearing immediately. However, the syndesmotic space was slightly increased compared to the contralateral side in CT views at 1-year follow-up, the function outcome was satisfied. CONCLUSION: The logsplitter injury is a high-energy ankle fracture that requires both axial and rotational load. It is categorized as 44B or 44C by the AO/OTA classification. In the classification scheme of Lauge-Hansen, our case is in line with the pronation-external rotation classification. Anatomic reduction and fixation of ankle syndesmotic injuries are required to restore the biomechanics of the ankle joint so that long-term complications can be prevented. How to fixation the syndesmosis, whether to reconstruct the deltoid ligament remains in debate in the treatment of logsplitter injury, whether and when to remove the syndesmotic screws were still debated. Correct surgical intervention is successful in the treatment of "logsplitter injury", however, the optimal fixation of syndesmosis and repair of deltoid ligaments need further investigate.

A Modified Direct Posterior Midline Approach for the Treatment of Posterior Column Tibial Plateau Fractures.

The purpose of this study was to introduce a modified surgical approach for the treatment of posterior column tibial plateau fractures. Fifteen patients with posterior column fractures with or without other column fractures were included and treated with this approach between July 2015 and June 2016. The patients were followed up for 18 to 24 months (20.9 ± 1.8 months). Outcomes included neural or vascular injuries, wound complications, nonunion, plate loosening or breakage, and Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) scores. Bone union was observed in all cases, and the average time for bone union was 13.5 ± 1.4 weeks (11-16 weeks). No neurovascular injuries, malunion, nonunions, or plate loosening or breakages were observed. The average HSS score was 94.7 ± 4.1 (range: 84-100). The modified direct posterior midline approach can provide excellent exposure and facilitate reduction and internal fixation of posterior column fractures of the tibial plateau, including split and depressed fractures. We expect that this approach can be used as a new effective method for managing complex posterior tibial fractures.

Comparison of the Effects of Proximal Humeral Internal Locking System (PHILOS) Alone and PHILOS Combined with Fibular Allograft in the Treatment of Neer Three- or Four-part Proximal Humerus Fractures in the Elderly.

OBJECTIVE: To compare and analyze the clinical outcomes of the proximal humeral internal locking system (PHILOS) alone and the PHILOS combined with fibular allograft in the treatment of Neer three- and four-part proximal humerus fractures (PHF) in the elderly. METHODS: From January 2014 to January 2018, a total of 42 elderly patients with Neer three- or four-part PHF admitted to our hospital were randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 21 patients in each group. The observation group was treated with the PHILOS combined with fibular allograft. The control group was treated with the PHILOS alone. Perioperative parameters and fracture classification were recorded in the two groups. Function results were assessed by Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Constant-Murley score (CMS), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, and the Disability of Arm-Shoulder-Hand (DASH) score. Radiological results were evaluated using the neck-shaft angle (NSA) and humeral head height (HHH), and complications were also recorded in each group. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of preoperative status, age, gender, cause of trauma, fracture site, and fracture classification. The average follow-up time was 12 months. At the last follow-up, the VAS and DASH observation groups were lower than the control group, and there was significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). The CMS and ASES were higher in the observation group than the control group, and there was significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). The mean difference in the NSA and HHH were lower in the observation group than the control group, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). There was one postoperative complication in the observation group, which was humeral head avascular necrosis (AVN). There were seven postoperative complications in the control group, including three cases of humeral head collapse and three cases of screw cutout and one case of humeral head AVN. The incidence of postoperative complications in the observation group was significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05), there was a significant difference between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: For Neer three- or four-part PHF in the elderly patients, PHILOS fixation with fibular allograft shows satisfactory short-term results with respect to humeral head support and maintenance of reduction, and may reduce the incidence of complications associated with fixation using a PHILOS alone.

Long non-coding RNA XIST promotes osteoporosis through inhibiting bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.

The purpose of the present study was to identify the key long non-coding (lnc)RNAs in the occurrence and development of osteoporosis (OP) and to explore the associated molecular mechanism. First, the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets, with key words 'osteoporosis' and 'HG-133A', were screened. RankProd R package was used to calculate the dysregulated lncRNAs in OP. Following this, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) harvested from 3-week-old Sprague Dawley rats were employed for detection of osteoblast differentiation. Following overexpression or interference with X-inactive specific transcript (XIST), osteogenesis-associated genes and proteins in BM-MSCs were detected using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alizarin Red S staining were also performed to measure the osteogenic ability of BM-MSCs. Results from the two datasets indicated that 6 lncRNAs were dysregulated in OP. Notably, XIST is key lncRNA in diverse diseases, and was subsequently selected for analysis. It was revealed that XIST was significantly upregulated in plasma and monocytes from patients with OP compared with the normal controls. Furthermore, results indicated that overexpression of XIST significantly inhibited osteoblast differentiation in BM-MSCs, as evidenced by the decreased expression of ALP, bone γ-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein and runt related transcription factor 2, reduced ALP activity and a decreased number of calcium deposits. However, interference of XIST exhibited the opposite biological effects in BM-MSCs. Taken together, XIST was highly expressed in the serum and monocytes of patients with OP. In addition, the findings suggested that XIST could inhibit osteogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs.

Regulation of cartilage damage caused by lack of Klotho with thioredoxin/peroxiredoxin (Trx/Prx) system and succedent NLRP3 activation in osteoarthritis mice.

This present study aims to verify the underlying mechanism that anti-aging protein Klotho protects cartilages against the damage induced by oxidative stress. The Klotho expression level in the articular cartilages of mice with osteoarthritis (OA) was measured by using western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR. This work also investigated the effects of Klotho on chondrocyte functions, such as PI3K/Akt pathway, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, through overexpressing Klotho in chondrocytes by transfecting with the plasmid encoding Klotho. The results showed that Klotho expression level obviously decreased in the articular cartilages of OA mice. It was also found that mechanical loading significantly reduced the expression and activity of Klotho in chondrocytes. In addition, the overexpression of Klotho suppressed chondrocyte apoptosis through thioredoxin/peroxiredoxin (Trx/Prx) family and ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling pathways. All these above findings suggest that Klotho is essential in OA progression, and may be a good target for the research and development of the drugs for OA treatment.

Comparison of Percutaneous Kyphoplasty Versus Modified Percutaneous Kyphoplasty for Treatment of Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures.

BACKGROUND: Although percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) is performed to restore the vertebral body height and kyphosis in osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs), the regained height may be lost on balloon deflation. This study compares PKP with modified percutaneous kyphoplasty (MPKP) in terms of the clinical outcomes in treating OVCFs. METHODS: Between May 2014 and March 2016, 76 patients with OVCFs were randomly assigned to 2 groups according to the procedure chosen: the PKP group (n = 36) and MPKP group (n = 40). Perioperative parameters, radiologic data, and other clinical parameters were compared between the groups. RESULTS: Of the 76 patients, 68 were followed-up for an average of 16 months. Both groups showed similar degrees of postoperative improvement on the visual analog scale, without any significant intergroup difference. However, the MPKP group showed greater improvement in vertebral body height and recovery of the Cobb angle compared with the PKP group. Additionally, the volume of bone cement and operative time were significantly higher in the MPKP group than in the PKP group, whereas the Oswestry Disability Index at the last follow-up was significantly lower in the MPKP group than in the PKP group. The cement leakage ratio and incidence of recurrent vertebral fractures did not differ significantly between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: MPKP prevents the loss of vertebral height observed with PKP during balloon deflation in addition to providing greater height, Cobb angle recovery, and quality of life compared with PKP in cases of OVCF.

Luteolin inhibits IL-1ß-induced inflammation in rat chondrocytes and attenuates osteoarthritis progression in a rat model.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint disease characterized by inflammation and cartilage degradation. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that luteolin, a natural flavonoid, has anti-inflammatory and anticatabolic effects. The present study aimed to assess the protective effect of luteolin on interleukin (IL)-1ß-stimulated rat chondrocytes and a monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced model of OA. Rat chondrocytes were pretreated with luteolin (0, 25, 50, and 100 µM for 12 h) prior to stimulation with IL-1ß (10 ng/ml for 24 h). Nitric oxide (NO) production was determined using the Griess method. Production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and matrix metalloproteinase-2, -8, and -9 (MMP-2, MMP-8 and MMP-9) was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13, p65, p-p65, IκB, and p-IκB were determined by Western blotting. The OA rats received luteolin (10 mg/kg/day) by gavage in vivo. Morphological and ultrastructural scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations were performed to assess the severity of OA at 45 days following MIA injection. Collagen II protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. In this study, luteolin considerably reduced the IL-1ß-induced production of NO, PGE2, TNF-α, MMP-2, MMP-8 and MMP-9 and the expression of COX-2, iNOS, MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-13. Luteolin reversed the degradation of collagen II induced by IL-1ß. Luteolin also significantly inhibited IL-1ß-induced phosphorylation of NF-κB in vitro. Luteolin treatment prevented cartilage destruction and enhanced collagen II expression in OA rats in vivo. Overall, our findings suggest that luteolin may be a useful therapeutic agent for patients with OA.

miRNA-544a Regulates the Inflammation of Spinal Cord Injury by Inhibiting the Expression of NEUROD4.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To explore the potential role of miR-544a in spinal cord injury and the possible mechanism involved. METHODS: We established a mouse model with spinal cord injury to examine the changes in grip force recovery of the forelimb or the posterior limb of the mouse. Microarray was performed to achieve differentiated miRNAs in the mice. The expressions of miR-544a, MCP-1, IL36B and IL17B after spinal cord injury were detected by qRT-PCR. Subsequently, miR-544a was overexpressed to observe changes in inflammation and grip strength after spinal cord injury. Target gene of miR-544a was then predicted using bioinformatics technology. Finally, dual luciferase reporter gene assay was used to verify the binding of miR-544a to its target gene. RESULTS: Using mice models with spinal cord injury, we found that the strength of their four limbs began to recover 7 days after injury. The results of microarray and qRT-PCR confirmed that mir-544a level in mice with spinal cord injury decreased with increase of injury time, while the levels of inflammatory genes MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), IL1 (interleukin-1) and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor alpha) IL36B (interleukin-36 beta) and IL17B (interleukin-17 beta) were significantly increased. However, overexpression of miR-544a in the mice significantly reduced the level of inflammation and restored their grip strength in their four limbs. Finally, we found that miR-544a can bind to the NEUROD4 (Neurogenic differentiation 4) 3'UTR (Untranslated Region) region through bioinformatics website prediction, which was further confirmed by dual luciferase reporter assay. NEUROD4 level was significantly reduced following the overexpression of miR-544a. CONCLUSION: The expression of miR-544a was significantly decreased after spinal cord injury. High expression of miR-544a could alleviate the inflammation caused by spinal cord injury and promote the recovery of spinal cord via the inhibition of NEUROD4.

FOXP4-AS1 participates in the development and progression of osteosarcoma by downregulating LATS1 via binding to LSD1 and EZH2.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. LncRNA has been confirmed to participate in a variety of cancers. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of FOXP4-AS1 on the development of osteosarcoma (OS) and its underlying mechanism. FOXP4-AS1 expressions in 60 OS tissues and paracancerous tissues were detected by qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction). We confirmed that FOXP4-AS1 was overexpressed in OS tissues than that of paracancerous tissues. The disease-free survival and overall survival of OS patients were not correlated with age, gender and tumor location, but remarkably correlated with FOXP4-AS1 expression, tumor size and lung metastasis. For in vitro experiments, MG63 cells expressed a higher expression of FOXP4-AS1, whereas U2OS cells expressed a lower expression, which were selected for the following studies. Overexpressed FOXP4-AS1 led to enhanced proliferation, migration and invasion, shortened G0/G1 phase, as well as inhibited cell cycle. Knockdown of FOXP4-AS1 in MG63 cells obtained the opposite results. Furthermore, RIP assay indicated that FOXP4-AS1 could inhibit LATS1 expression by binding to LSD1 and EZH2, so as to participate in OS development. In conclusion, these results revealed that FOXP4-AS1 is overexpressed in OS, and is the independent risk factor in OS prognosis. Upregulated FOXP4-AS1 promotes the proliferation, migration and cell cycle, but inhibits apoptosis of OS cells. Furthermore, FOXP4-AS1 participates in the development and progression of OS by downregulating LATS1 via binding to LSD1 and EZH2.

[Minimally invasive treatment for distal radial fracture and dislocation of type IV based on Fernandez classification].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of external fixation combined with minimally invasive internal fixation for the treatment of distal radial fracture and dislocation of type IV based on Fernandez classification. METHODS: From January 2007 to October 2012,19 patients with the distal radius fracture and dislocation of type IV according to Fernandez classification were reviewed. There were 14 males and 5 females,ranging in age from 22 to 42 years old,with an average of 36.5 years old. All the patients were treated with minimally invasive reduction, and external fixation with finite internal fixation. The K-wire was used to fix radiolunate articular surface for correcting the instability of dorsal and volar intercalated segment. The radiolunate angle, scapholunate angle, and the length of the radial shorting were measured by the standard X-ray. Gartland and Werley evaluation system was used to evaluate recovery of function. RESULTS: No complications such as injury of blood vessels and radial nerves and pin track infections occurred. After operation, the radiolunate angle, scapholunate angle and the length of the radial shorting time were (9.5 +/- 3.3) degrees, (51.3 +/- 11.2) degrees and (11.2 +/- 1.8) mm by the standard X-ray. On the 3rd month after operation, GW score was 3.02 +/- 3.05. There was no re-displacement and subluxation occurred during the follow-up period. Good functional recovery were improved wrist function significantly. CONCLUSION: External fixation combined with minimally invasive internal fixation can treat distal radial fracture and dislocation of type IV based on Fernandez classification. Wrist joint stability depends on the structure of the bone and ligament around wrist joint. Emphasis on the diagnosis and treatment of carpal instability, and postoperative functional rehabilitation can improve wrist function.