[Coal Control and Carbon Reduction Path in Henan Province's Power Industry Under the Carbon Peak and Neutralization Target: A Medium- and Long-term Study].

Achieving peak carbon dioxide emissions and accelerating decarbonization progress in the power industry is of paramount significance to Henan Province's objective of achieving carbon peak and neutrality. In this study, the Carbon Emission-Energy Integrated Model (iCEM) was employed to conduct scenario studies on the coal reduction and carbon reduction paths under the "dual-carbon" goal of Henan's power industry. The results indicated that, by considering measures such as optimizing the power source structure and technological progress, Henan Province's power industry carbon emissions will reach their peak between 2028-2033, with coal consumption in the power industry continuing to grow during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period. With a peak range between 2027-2031, the peak value increased by 1881, 1592, and 11.48 million tce, respectively, compared with that in 2020. To control coal in Henan Province under the constraint of carbon peak goals, it is proposed to develop clean energy sources such as wind and solar power, use more low-carbon or zero-carbon heat sources, increase the proportion of external electricity supply, and enhance energy-saving transformation in coal-fired power plants. Accelerating the elimination of backward units and energy-saving transformation of existing units, accelerating non-fossil energy development, advanced planning for external electricity supply, improving market mechanisms for the exit of coal-fired power plants and peak regulation, increasing system flexibility, and accelerating external policies to ensure clean energy security are effective paths for controlling coal and reducing carbon emissions in Henan's power industry. Additionally, inland nuclear power layout is one of the crucial paths to alleviate coal control pressure in Henan Province and achieve "dual-carbon" goals during the carbon-neutral stage. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct research on demonstrations in advance. Henan Province is highly dependent on energy from other provinces, and the power supply and demand situation in Henan Province will become increasingly tense in the future. It is necessary to support Henan Province from the State Grid and coordinate the construction of inter-provincial and inter-regional power transmission channels.

Intramedullary Nailing Versus Open Reduction and Plate Fixation for Lateral Malleolar Fractures: A Meta-Analysis.

The fixation for lateral malleolar fracture in ankle fractures is still controversial. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to compare clinical and radiological outcomes between intramedullary nail (IMN) and plate for lateral malleolar fractures in ankle fractures. The PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from databases inception to June 2023. Data on outcomes were extracted and the methodological quality of the included studies were assessed. A meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software when the data extracted from included studies could be synthesized. Seven RCTs were included. The methodological quality of the included studies was moderate to high. The meta-analysis results showed that the infection rate of the IMN group was significantly lower than that of the plate group (RR = 0.38; 95%CI 0.18-0.82; p = .01). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in Olerud and Molander Ankle Score (OMAS), union rate, radiological outcomes, nerve injury rate, reoperation rate, loss of reduction, and total complication rate. Our present meta-analysis demonstrated that the IMN might be a better method for the fixation of lateral malleolar fracture in ankle fracture, as the infection rate was significantly lower than a plate.

[Coal-carbon-pollutant Coordinated Control of Coal Chemical Industry Under Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality Constraints].

Under carbon peak and carbon neutrality constraints, the coal chemical industry should take stricter measures to tackle carbon reduction. Based on the intensity differences of five major coal and carbon reduction measures applied by the coal chemical industry, which include raw material structure adjustment, fuel structure adjustment, energy-saving technology transformation, terminal capture technology, and industrial structure adjustment, this study adopted the downstream sector demand method and project method, combined with the air pollution reduction model, to predict three scenarios (benchmark, policy, and enhancement) of coal chemical industry peak year and peak amount of coal consumption and carbon dioxide emission, associated with air pollutant reduction row effects. The results showed that coal consumption under the benchmark and policy scenarios of the coal chemical industry is expected to reach a peak in the late period of China's "14th Five-Year Plan", with peak values of 0.96 billion and 0.93 billion tons, respectively. By contrast, under the enhanced scenario, it is expected to peak in the early period of the "14th Five-Year Plan" with a value of 0.91 billion tons. The carbon peak will arrive in the late period of the "15th Five-Year Plan" under the benchmark scenario but in the early and late period of the "14th Five-Year Plan" under the policy and enhanced scenarios, with peak values of approximately 0.64 billion, 0.57 billion, and 0.55 billion tons, respectively. Controlling the construction scale of new coal chemical projects, tapping the space for raw material substitution, and speeding up the energy-saving technological transformation are important measures for coal and carbon control in the coal chemical industry. The implementation of coal and carbon reduction measures of the coal chemical industry will coordinately reduce air pollutant emissions, such as SO2, NOx, PM, and VOCs by 37, 43, 11, and 28 thousand tons per year after 2035.

[Roadmap of Coal Control and Carbon Reduction in the Steel Industry Under the Carbon Peak and Neutralization Target].

The low-carbon green transformation and the earlier peak in coal consumption and carbon emissions of the steel industry will make important contributions to the overall carbon peaking goal and high-quality economic development in China. Based on the carbon emission-energy integration model, we conducted a scenario study on the path of coal control and carbon reduction under the "carbon peak and neutralization" target of the steel industry. The results showed that the steel industry is likely to achieve a carbon peak in the early stage of the "14th Five-Year Plan," with a peak value of 1.64-1.67 billion tons (including process and indirect emissions), and coal will also peak together as the main form of energy consumption, with a peak value of 460-470 million tons of standard coal (including coke). In the most aggressive intensification scenario, coal consumption and carbon emissions will drop to 38% and 49%, respectively, in 2035. The yield of crude steel will largely dominate the carbon peaking of the steel industry. Promoting the short process of all-scrap electric furnaces and increasing the utilization of scrap steel are the most important measures to control coal and reduce carbon in the carbon peak stage. The roadmap for coal control and carbon reduction based on the forecasted results showed that, on the demand side, the yield of crude steel will reach its peak and begin to decline, with the level of industrialization and urbanization gradually reaching the level of developed countries, even without considering the constraints of the carbon peak and neutralization target, the growth of steel demand brought about by the construction of new energy-related infrastructure during the period of achieving carbon neutrality is relatively limited. In terms of technological progress, promoting the application of long-process energy-saving and carbon-reducing technology is a cost-effective measure in the short term, and by increasing the average ratio of blast furnace pellets at the same time, the carbon capture and storage technology will have greater carbon emission reduction potential in the long term. In terms of production capacity structure, promoting the short process of all-scrap electric furnaces is the main measure of the steel industry in the carbon peak stage, and the proportion of electric furnace steel will increase to 15%-20% by the end of the "14th Five-Year Plan" period. Under the carbon neutrality target, hydrogen metallurgy is the only production process with ultra-low carbon emission potential. In the future, with the increase in the supply of green hydrogen produced by renewable energy or waste heat, hydrogen metallurgy will become a steel production process that is as important as the short process of electric furnaces based on scrap steel.

[Economic Benefit of Air Quality Improvement During Implementation of the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan in Beijing].

Air quality in Beijing has been improved significantly since the implementation of the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan ('Action Plan'). To evaluate the effect of the Action Plan, the cost-of-illness, human capital, and market value approaches were used to estimate air quality improvement benefits including human health, agriculture, building materials, and cleanliness. The policy benefit through monetization was also evaluated, which can affirm the positive effect of air pollution prevention and control by local government. The results illustrated that:① Since the policy implementation, air quality in Beijing has improved significantly and the improvement efficiency had been growing steadily. From 2013 to 2017, air quality had reached -1.982, -1.893, 15.707, 15.264, and 22.330 billion yuan respectively, accounting for -0.85‰, -0.81‰, 6.68‰, 6.16‰, and 8.77‰ of GDP in the fiscal year. The total profit during the five years was 49.426 billion yuan, accounting for 4.11‰ of the 5-year total GDP; ② The total improvement benefit was mainly linked to reductions in health and cleaning costs, primarily associated with a reduction in particulate matter concentrations; and ③ The majority of 16 administrative regions in Beijing reached an ideal level of benefit during the late stages of policy implementation, including Yanqing, Miyun, Pinggu, Changping, Tongzhou, Shijingshan, and Chaoyang Districts, which have retained a positive improvement index for five years. In contrast, Chaoyang and Haidian Districts have benefited relatively little as a result of the exposure of high-density populations to atmospheric pollution. These research results demonstrate the effectiveness and necessity of the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan in Beijing.

[Emission Reduction Benefits When Eliminating Yellow-label Vehicles in the Jing-jin-ji Region].

In order to evaluate policy implementation for yellow-label vehicles (namely, those that fail to meet the Chinese No.1 standard for exhaust emissions), and to compare the policy of an early elimination subsidy with traffic restrictions of these vehicles, the emission factor method was adopted to calculate the emission reduction resulting from the two policies in the Jing-jin-ji Region. The results showed that: ① The policies led to good emission reductions for the Jing-jin-ji Region. Since the implementation of the policies, the cumulative reductions of CO, HC, NOx, PM2.5, and PM10 have been 5003.2 kt, 397.9 kt, 318.2 kt, 9.6 kt, and 10.6 kt, respectively. ② The pollutants reduced most prominently were CO, HC, and NOx, which contributed greatly to the emission reductions and air pollution control. ③ The main motorcycle types for the CO and HC emission reductions were small gasoline-powered passenger vehicles and light duty gasoline-powered vehicles. Heavy duty diesel cars contributed the most to the emission reduction of NOx and particulate matters. ④ The emission reductions for CO, HC, and NOx were greater in densely populated urban areas in the Jing-jin-ji Region. The emission reductions of CO and HC in Beijing, Tianjin, and Shijiazhuang were more obvious than in other cities, and the emission reductions of NOx and particulate matters were more obvious in Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Tangshan, and Handan. ⑤ Comparing the two policies of an early elimination subsidy and traffic restriction, the emission reduction of the former policy is continuous for a few years, and the effectiveness of reduction is significant in several years. However, the effectiveness of the latter policy decreases with time.

An Animal Model of Modic Changes by Embedding Autogenous Nucleus Pulposus inside Subchondral Bone of Lumbar Vertebrae.

The establishment of Modic changes (MCs) in animal model was vital for research of MCs. Fifty-four rabbits were divided into a sham group, a muscle embedment group (ME group) and nucleus pulposus (NP) embedment group (NPE group). In the NPE group, the discs were exposed by the lumbar anterolateral surgical approach. A needle was used to puncture the L5 vertebral body close to the endplate. NP was extracted by a syringe from L1/2 intervertebral discs and then injected into the drilled hole of subchondral bone. The muscle embedment group and sham group had the same procedure and drill method as the NP embedment group. Some pieces of muscle were put into the hole in the ME group, but nothing was put into the hole in the sham group. After the operation, MRI scan and molecular biology tests were applied. The signal changes were found in the NPE group; while the sham group and the ME group showed no significant signal change. Histological observation confirmed that there was abnormal tissue proliferation in imbed site. High expression of IL-4, IL-17 and IFN-γ were detected in the NPE group. The embedment of NP into subchondral bone can create an animal model of MCs.

F11 rs2289252T and rs2036914C Polymorphisms Increase the Activity of Factor XI in Post-trauma Patients with Fractures Despite Thromboprophylaxis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between F11 rs2289252, rs2036914 polymorphisms and the activity of clotting factor XI in post-trauma patients with fractures receiving routine anticoagulation therapy for deep venous thrombosis (DVT). METHODS: A case-control study involving 110 consecutive post-trauma patients with fractures and DVT in our hospital was conducted from April 2014 to October 2015; these patients comprised a DVT group. Another 40 sex- and age-matched patients with fractures but without DVT served as controls. Additionally, 40 sex- and age-matched healthy people were chosen as a normal group. Venous blood samples (2 mL) were drawn from all participants and genomic DNA extracted from the leukocytes of the patients with fracture-related DVT, whose genotype and allele frequency distribution of F11 gene rs2089252 and rs2036914 single nucleotide polymorphism were then assessed by a sequencing method. The activity of factor XI was measured by a solidification method in all participants, including those in control and normal groups. RESULTS: The activity of factor XI in patients with fracture-related DVT and F11 rs2089252 CT was 1.16 times that of those with CC genotypes (P < 0.0001), whereas in patients with fracture-related DVT and F11 rs2089252 TT genotypes it was 1.32 times that of those with CC genotypes (P < 0.0001), in patients with fracture-related DVT and F11 rs2089252 T allele it was 1.24 times that of those with C allele (P < 0.05), in patients with fracture-related DVT and F11 rs2036914 CC it was 1.35 times that of those with TT genotypes, in patients with fracture-related DVT and F11 rs2036914 CT genotypes it was 1.12 times that of those with TT genotypes (P < 0.05), and in patients with fracture-related DVT F11 and rs2036914 C allele it was 1.22 times that of those with T allele (P < 0.05). The activity of factor XI was significantly higher in the control than in the normal group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: High activity of factor XI indicates a risk of occurrence of DVT in post-trauma patients with fractures. F11 rs2089252 and rs2036914 (single nucleotide polymorphisms) are associated with activity of factors XI in such patients despite prophylaxis.

The use of gabapentin in the management of postoperative pain after total hip arthroplasty: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: Pain management after total hip arthroplasty (THA) varies and has been widely studied in recent years. Gabapentin as a third-generation antiepileptic drug that selectively affects the nociceptive process has been used for pain relief after THA. This meta-analysis was conducted to examine the efficacy of gabapentin in THA. METHODS: An electronic-based search was conducted using the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving gabapentin and a placebo for THA were included. The meta-analysis was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. RESULTS: Five trials met the inclusion criteria. The cumulative narcotic consumption and the visual analogue scale (VAS) scores at 24 and 48 h postoperatively were used for postoperative pain assessment. There was a significant decrease in morphine consumption at 24 h (P = 0.00). Compared with the control group, the VAS score (at rest) at 48 h was less in the gabapentin group (P = 0.00). CONCLUSION: The administration of gabapentin is effective in decreasing postoperative narcotic consumption and the VAS score.

The use of gabapentin in the management of postoperative pain after total knee arthroplasty: A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Pain management after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) varies and has been widely studied in recent years. Some randomized controlled studies have carried out to evaluate the effects of gabapentin on pain relief after TKA. However, no solid result was made about it. The purpose of this Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) was to estimate the overall effect of pain control of gabapentin versus placebo after a TKA. An electronic-based search using the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial from 1966 to June 2015. RCTs involving gabapentin and placebo for total knee arthroplasty were included. The meta-analysis was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Six trials with 859 participants met the inclusion criteria. The primary endpoint was cumulative narcotic consumption and the visual analog scale scores at 12 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours, postoperatively. The knee flexion degree and treatment side effects were also compiled to evaluate the safety of gabapentin. After testing for the heterogeneity and publication bias among studies, data were aggregated for random-effects modeling when necessary. There was a significant decrease in morphine consumption at 12 hours (MD = -4.69, 95% CI: -7.18 to -2.21, P = 0.0002), 24 hours (MD = -5.30, 95% CI: -9.94 to -0.66, P = 0.03), and 48 hours (MD = -17.80, 95% CI: -31.95 to -3.64, P = 0.01), respectively. Compared with the control group, the rate of pruritus was less in the gabapentin group (RR 0.20, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.38, P = 0.00). In summary, the administration of gabapentin was effective in decreasing postoperative narcotic consumption and the incidence of pruritus. There was a high risk of selection bias and a higher heterogeneity of knee flexion range in this analysis. More high-quality large randomized controlled trials with long follow-up period are necessary for proper comparisons of the efficacy and safety of gabapentin with placebo.Systematic review registration number: No.

[Effects of exogenous α-naphthaleneacetic aid on the antioxidation system in soybean leaves subjected to long-term drought stress during flowering].

Two different drought tolerance soybean ( Glycine max) varieties (Nannong 99-6 and Kefeng 1) were used to study the effects of α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on the antioxidation system under long-term drought stress after flowering with pot experiment, which lasted for 110 days at Pailou Experiment Station, Nanjing Agricultural University, in 2012. The results showed that long-term stress decreased the shoot dry mass significantly, however, increased the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. It also obviously increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) , ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). The contents of ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH), and the ratios of AsA/DHA (dehydroascorbic acid) and GSH/GSSG (L-glutathione oxidized) were obviously enhanced. Kefeng 1 showed a higher antioxidation ability than Nannong 99-6, and could consequently maintain lower ROS and MDA levels. NAA distinctly enhanced the activities of APX, POD, CAT, MDHAR, GPX, and ratios of AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG, while decreased the levels of ROS and MDA. The AsA content and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) activity were significantly increased in Kefeng 1.