Advances in the role and mechanism of fibroblasts in fracture healing.

With the development of social population ageing, bone fracture has become a global public health problem due to its high morbidity, disability and mortality. Fracture healing is a complex phenomenon involving the coordinated participation of immigration, differentiation and proliferation of inflammatory cells, angioblasts, fibroblasts, chondroblasts and osteoblasts which synthesize and release bioactive substances of extracellular matrix components, Mortality caused by age-related bone fractures or osteoporosis is steadily increasing worldwide as the population ages. Fibroblasts play an important role in the process of fracture healing. However, it is not clear how the growth factors and extracellular matrix stiffness of the bone-regeneration microenvironment affects the function of osteoblasts and fibroblasts in healing process. Therefore, this article focuses on the role of fibroblasts in the process of fracture healing and mechanisms of research progress.

Identification of therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers in the Siglec family of genes in tumor immune microenvironment of sarcoma.

Sarcomas (SARC) are a highly heterogeneous cancer type that is prone to recurrence and metastasis. Numerous studies have confirmed that Siglecs are involved in immune signaling and play a key role in regulating immune responses in inflammatory diseases and various cancers. However, studies that systematically explore the therapeutic and prognostic value of Siglecs in SARC patients are very limited. The online databases GEPIA, UALCAN, TIMER, The Kaplan-Meier Plotter, GeneMANIA, cBioPortal, and STING were used in this study. IHC staining was performed on the collected patient tissues, and clinical data were statistically analyzed. The transcript levels of most Siglec family members showed a high expression pattern in SARC. Compared with normal tissues, Siglec-5, Siglec-10, and Siglec-12 were abnormally highly expressed in tumor tissues. Importantly, Siglec-15 was significantly associated with poor prognosis. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the Siglec family was mainly enriched in hematopoietic cell lineages. The genes associated with molecular mutations in the Siglec family were mainly TP53 and MUC16, among which Siglec-2 and Siglec-15 were significantly associated with the survival of patients. The expression levels of all Siglec family members were significantly correlated with various types of immune cells (B cells, CD8 + T cells, CD4 + T cells, macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells). Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between the somatic copy number changes of all Siglec molecules and the abundance of immune infiltrates. Our study paints a promising vision for the development of immunotherapy drugs and the construction of prognostic stratification models by investigating the therapeutic and prognostic potential of the Siglec family for SARC.

The intriguing roles of Siglec family members in the tumor microenvironment.

Sialic acid-binding receptors are expressed on the surfaces of a variety of immune cells and have complex and diverse immunoregulatory functions in health and diseases. Recent studies have shown that Siglecs could play diverse immune and nonimmune regulatory roles in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and participate in tumor progression through various mechanisms, such as regulating tumor growth and metastasis, mediating the inflammatory response, and promoting tumor immune escape, thereby affecting the prognoses and outcomes of patients. However, depending on the cell type in which they are expressed, each Siglec member binds to corresponding ligands in the microenvironment milieu to drive diverse cell physiological and pathological processes in tumors. Therefore, we herein summarize the expression spectra and functions of the Siglec family in human diseases, particularly cancer, and highlight the possibility of therapeutic interventions targeting the TME in the future.

Prognostic value of Siglec-15 expression in patients with solid tumors: A meta-analysis.

Background: Siglec-15 is expressed in a variety of cancers. However, the role of Siglec-15 in the prognosis of cancer patients remains controversial. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to clarify the potential prognostic value of Siglec-15 in solid tumors. Methods: The PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and CNKI databases were comprehensively searched to identify studies assessing the effect of Siglec-15 on the survival of cancer patients. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) from individual studies were evaluated. Results: The data from 13 observational studies consisting of 1376 patients were summarized. Elevated baseline Siglec-15 expression was significantly correlated with poor OS (pooled HR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.05-1.56; P = 0.013). However, high Siglec-15 expression predicted a significantly better DSS (pooled HR = 0.73 (95% CI: 0.57-0.94; P = 0.015) but not PFS (pooled HR = 1.49, 95% CI: 0.46-4.87; P=0.510). In addition, high Siglec-15 expression was not associated with PD-L1 (OR=0.64, 95% CI: 0.42-0.95; P = 0.028). High Siglec-15 expression was associated with male sex (OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.05-1.84; P = 0.022), larger tumor size (OR = 1.896, 95% CI: 1.26-2.9; P = 0.002), and advanced tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (OR = 1.84; 95% CI: 1.19-2.84; P =0.006) in solid tumors. Conclusions: This updated study suggested the expression of Siglec-15 is significantly associated with poor outcomes in human solid tumors, but further studies are needed to determine the prognostic value of Siglec-15 in solid tumors.

Characterization of the Salmonella enterica Serotype Isangi Isolated from Patients for the First Time in China.

No studies have reported the isolation of serotype Salmonella Isangi from cases of salmonellosis in mainland China. We investigated an outbreak of foodborne disease with salmonella and collected the samples from the patients and surplus foods. Salmonella strains were isolated and the serotype was identified according to the Kauffmann-White scheme. The relatedness of the isolates was determined using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and whole genome sequencing (WGS). Antimicrobial susceptibility was conducted by the broth microdilution method. There were 74 diners in the case, 33 of which got ill, with an attack rate of 44.6% (33/74). A total of 24 samples were collected from the outbreak cases, six Salmonella Isangi strains were isolated and susceptible to all tested drugs. PFGE and WGS analysis suggested that the pathogen dissemination through a single or limited vector(s), the steamed fish and mixed food (fry spicy chicken, braised pork ribs, and goose leg), may be the source of infection or be cross-contaminated. We first report the characteristics of an outbreak and molecular strain relatedness of Salmonella Isangi in mainland China.